BACKGROUND Podocyte injury and subsequent excretion in urine play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in urinary sediment by real-time PCR is emerging as a noninvasive method of screening DN-associated biomarkers. We hypothesized that the urinary mRNA profile of podocyte-associated molecules may provi...

BACKGROUND A reduced heparan sulphate (HS) expression in the glomerular basement membrane of patients with overt diabetic nephropathy is associated with an increased glomerular heparanase expression. We investigated the possible association of urinary heparanase activity with the development of proteinuria in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), or membranous glomerulopat...

OBJECTIVE Oral cancer is the leading malignancy in India, with tobacco playing a major role in the etiology. The aim of the present study was to quantify nitrate+nitrite (NO2+NO3) in tobacco products as well as to study tobacco exposure related biomarkers in controls, patients with oral precancers (OPC) and oral cancer patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Healthy individuals (n=90) were grouped into...

Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (initial BW = 189 +/- 11 kg) housed in metabolism crates were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square to study effects of ruminal ammonia load on Leu utilization. All steers received a diet based on soybean hulls (2.7 kg of DM/d), ruminal infusions of 200 g of acetate/d, 200 g of propionate/d, and 50 g of butyrate/d, as well as an abomasal infusion of 300 g of gluc...

Reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities are a cause of infertility, reproductive inefficiency, and economic losses in goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and nature of reproductive and urinary tract abnormalities encountered in female goats slaughtered at Nyagatare abattoir in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Reproductive and urinary organs from 369 female goat ca...

Chronic inflammation of the urinary tract is a significant risk factor for the development of urinary bladder cancer in humans. We previously demonstrated that weekly treatment with killed Escherichia coli enhanced rat urinary bladder tumorigenesis initiated by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. We conducted the present study to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall ...

cystoscopy and urinary cytology are currently the basis for diagnosis and ‎follow-up of bladder tumors. research to find a sensitive and specific tumor ‎marker for diagnosis of bladder tumor is actively underway, however, due to low sensitivity ‎and high cost of cytology. this cross-sectional study was performed in 65 patients to evaluate whether urinary bladder ‎cancer (ubc) antigen level can ...