URODYNAMICS The term "urodynamics" encompasses any investigation of urinary tract function although it is often used colloquially as a synonym for cystometry. Cystometry, the measurement of bladder pressure, has been the main tool used to show abnormal behaviour of the neurogenic bladder. The earliest reference to a study measuring bladder pressure is commonly given as the paper by Mosso and Pe...

NGF has been suggested to play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction by mediating inflammation, as well as morphological and functional changes, in sensory and sympathetic neurons innervating the urinary bladder. To further explore the role of NGF in bladder sensory function, we generated a transgenic mouse model of chronic NGF overexpression in the bladder using the urothelium-specific uroplak...

Urinary bladder paraganglioma is a very rare tumor, account for <0.05% of all bladder tumors. They are usually submucosal tumors most commonly located near the urinary bladder trigone. A deeply located urinary bladder paraganglioma may not be seen on cystocope, and pelvic sidewall paraganglioma may mimic urinary bladder paraganglioma. Here we present an extremely rare case of urinary bladder pa...

OBJECTIVES Traditionally, urine cytology has been considered as the gold standard for bladder cancer screening. However, new methods are playing new roles in these cases. In order to assess the value of cytology of voided urine we performed one comparative study between cytology and biopsy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the results of urine cytology and biopsy follow-up in 109 patients....

Case description: This report describes the simultaneous occurrence of fibrosarcoma and a urolith in the urinary bladder of a 12-year-old female terrier dog that was confirmed by pathology after excisional surgery. Clinical findings: The dog had some clinical signs such as frequent urination, hematuria and dysuria with an...

Carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder are rare biphasic neoplasms, consisting of both malignant epithelial and malignant mesenchymal components, and the prognosis of this tumor is unfavorable in most patients with even possibility of resection of disease. A 77-year-old male with a history of transurethral resection (TUR) of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder and adjuvant intravesical che...

INTRODUCTION In a patient with bladder urothelial cancer that is not suitable for or does not choose curative treatment, intractable hematuria is a disastrous condition. In this article, we tried to review the literature and extract a stepwise approach for palliative treatment of hematuria in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE was searched with the help of the Medical Subject H...

The carcinogenicity of aflatoxin BI (AFB,) has been under evaluation in nonhuman primates for the past 13 years. A total of 47 Old World monkeys, chiefly rhesus and cynomolgus, have received AFB, i.p. (0.125 to 0.25 mg/kg) and/or p.o. (0.1 to 0.8 mg/kg) for 2 months or longer, and 12 are currently alive and without evidence of tumor. Thirteen of the 35 mon keys necropsied to date (37%) develope...

Present work was directed to study the prevalence and anatomical basis of diverticulum formation and its association with malignancy inside the urinary bladder on cadavers. Urinary bladder diverticulum and its complications including malignancy has been reported by different authors based on their study on radiological findings and endoscopy. Present study was undertaken on cadavers to meet the...

Cancer of the urinary tract in dogs can affect the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, prostate, or urethra (see Figure 1). Within the urinary system, the bladder is the location most frequently affected with cancer. Compared to cancer in other locations in the body, bladder cancer is unusual, comprising approximately 2% of all cancers in the dog. With more than 70 million pet dogs in the United...