Red cell aplasia in children is a condition characterised by failure of erythropoiesis, with normal production of white blood cells and platelets. The disorder is either acquired or constitutional (congenital or inherited). The constitutional disorder is usually permanent, while the acquired variety is often transient, and thereby differs from adult pure red cell aplasia. As the treatment and p...

In the female, Müllerian ducts will develop to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. This abnormal development can lead to uterine malformations resulting from aplasia of a part of Müllerian duct. Morphological abnormalities can vary from insufficient fission of tissues causing bicornuate uterus, double uterus or preserved ute...

Aplasia of the major salivary glands are very rare, and commonly occurs at the parotid gland. Patients are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. But dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing, dental problems may be seen. Also mass complaints may occur due to compensatory hypertrophy of the other major salivary glands. Herein, we presented the magnetic resonance imaging findings of a very r...

Anaemia is a common problem in end stage kidney disease. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is commonly used in management of such patients to maintain optimal hemoglobin levels and to minimise transfusion requirements. Acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare complication of erythropoietin therapy due to development of anti-erythropoietin antibodies (anti-EPOabs). We report a pat...

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of a patch of skin since birth. It may lead to life threatening complications at times. A 5-day-old neonate with Aplasia cutis congenita was received in a state of shock due to tremendous blood loss from the superior sagittal sinus. The neonate was resuscitated immediately followed by closure of the superior sagit...

Aplasia of condyle is very rare, when this condition not seen as a part of a syndrome. We report a case of condylar aplasia on the right side and hypoplasia on the left side in a 21-year-old female. The patient reported to the department with a chief complaint of underdeveloped lower jaw. Clinical examination, conventional radiographs, and 3D CBCT images revealed complete absence of condyle on ...

Background: Female urethral diverticulum is a condition which is often overlooked and frequently misdiagnosed. It is hoped that as a result of greater awareness of female urethral diverticulum more timely diagnosis of the condition would be made which would result in early appropriate treatment. Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the presentation, investigation and manageme...

PURPOSE Pediatric urethral stricture disease represents a significant surgical challenge because of smaller pelvic confines, decreased caliber and increased tissue fragility. Operative series of pediatric urethral reconstruction usually involve small numbers. In this study, we examined the outcome of open reconstructive techniques for pediatric and adolescent patients with posterior urethral di...

An enhanced urethral closure reflex via the spinal cord is related to urethral resistance elevation during increased abdominal pressure. However, with the exception of monoamines, neurotransmitters modulating this reflex are not understood. We investigated whether the vasopressin V(₁A) receptor (V(₁A)R) is involved in the urethral closure reflex in urethane-anesthetized female rats. V(₁A)R mRNA...

Posterior urethral stricture or pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD) is relatively uncommon in children. Trauma and iatrogenic injury are the most common causes of stricture occurrence. Given the specificity of children’s urethra, treating their posterior urethral stricture is difficult, specifically for the children with long segment urethral stricture. We report a successful pe...