BACKGROUND Asthma and allergic diseases are becoming increasingly frequent in children in urban centres of Latin America although the prevalence of allergic disease is still low in rural areas. Understanding better why the prevalence of asthma is greater in urban migrant populations and the role of risk factors such as life style and environmental exposures, may be key to understand what is beh...

D iabetes is recognized to be common in Asian Indians. The number of people with diabetes in the world is expected to double between 2000 and 2030. The greatest absolute increase in the number of people with diabetes will be in India (1). Regional studies from urban areas of India have shown a several-fold increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the last 2 decades (2). In a national survey re...

BACKGROUND With growing urbanization, traffic has become one of the main sources of air pollution in Nepal. Understanding the impact of air pollution on health requires estimation of exposure. Land use regression (LUR) modeling is widely used to investigate intraurban variation in air pollution for Western cities, but LUR models are relatively scarce in developing countries. In this study, we d...

Many researchers highlight the role of urban ecology in a rapidly urbanizing world. Despite ecological and conservation implications relating to carnivores cities, our general understanding their potential food webs lacks synthesis. In this paper, we reviewed scientific literature on with aim identifying major biases topic research. particular, explored number articles dealing predation scaveng...

Quantifying the topological similarities of different parts urban road networks enables us to understand growth patterns. Although conventional statistics provide useful information about characteristics either a single node’s direct neighbours or entire network, such metrics fail measure subnetworks capture local, indirect neighbourhood relationships. Here we propose graph-based machine learni...

Urban areas account for between 71% and 76% of CO 2 emissions from global final energy use 67–76% use. The highest emitting 100 urban (defined as contiguous population clusters) 18% the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date there is no comprehensive study megacities (10 million+ population) analysing their historic population, economic emission patterns contributions to GHGs. A key challenge ...