Despite being the driest inhabited continent, Australia has one of the highest per capita water consumptions in the world. In addition, instead of having fit-for-purpose water supplies (using different qualities of water for different applications), highly treated drinking water is used for nearly all of Australia’s urban water supply needs, including landscape irrigation. The water requirement...

Fifty-nine stream-water samples and 14 municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) discharge samples in Johnson County, northeastern Kansas, were analyzed for 55 compounds collectively described as organic wastewater compounds (OWCs). Stream-water samples were collected upstream, in, and downstream from WWTF discharges in urban and rural areas during base-flow conditions. The effect of secon...

Reducing inequalities is a priority from a human rights perspective and in water and public health initiatives. There are periodic calls for differential national and global standards for rural and urban areas, often justified by the suggestion that, for a given water source type, safety is worse in urban areas. For instance, initially proposed post-2015 water targets included classifying urban...

Within the twin city of Hubli-Dharwad approximately 60 million l of wastewater is generated every day: this flows, untreated, from sewers and wastewater nallas (open drains) into the natural watercourses that flow into the city’s hinterland (Hunshal et al. 1997). In the semi-arid climate, where the summer temperatures exceed 35 degrees centigrade and the monsoon rains are erratic and unreliable...

UNLABELLED The emission of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ammonia (NH3) by aeration processes at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with and without odor control units was examined. Local concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and NH3 at the aeration basins were within urban ranges. Emission fluxes of NH3 and PM2.5 for a medium-sized WWTP were determined to be 136 g day(-1) and 43 g day(-1), ...

abstract this study aimed to investigate the effects of urban wastewater on some soil physical and chemical properties in segzi, east isfahan. six sites were selected considering the planted species (haloxylon persicum and nitraria schoberi) and irrigation types (control or no irrigation, water logged and furrow irrigation methods). the 4 to 12 replications were chosen in each site depending on...

in this paper, the growth and yield of sunflower(helianthus annus l.) in addition to the soil properties are compared and assessed according to three irrigation types. it uses treated municipal wastewater, well water and their equal mixture for irrigation. for this purpose, pot trials are carried out in 4 months having 10 litres volume using completely randomized design with three times replica...