This chapter surveys the fundamental forces that drive the formation and size of cities. We discuss the different types of agglomeration economies generated by a dense web of activities, with special emphasis on the benefits associated with the clustering of highly skilled workers. The distribution of activities within cities results from the trade-off between commuting and housing costs. We sh...

This chapter surveys the fundamental forces that drive the formation and size of cities. We discuss the different types of agglomeration economies generated by a dense web of activities, with special emphasis on the benefits associated with the clustering of highly skilled workers. The distribution of activities within cities results from the trade-off between commuting and housing costs. We sh...

When the Health Care Financing Administration implemented the Medicare prospective payment system (PPS), the payment rates for inpatient hospital operating costs were derived on an urban and rural basis within each region. The rates were also adjusted for area wage levels and other factors affecting hospital costs. The effect of PPS on rural hospitals is of widespread interest. This article pro...

• Most of the urban poor in developing countries spend their lives in insecure, poorly paid jobs • They participate in economic growth, and adjust to economic change, through urban labour markets • Pro-poor urbanisation requires labour intensive growth, supported by labour protection, flexible land use regulation and investments in basic services U rbanisation is taking place on a massive scale...

• Most of the urban poor in developing countries spend their lives in insecure, poorly paid jobs • They participate in economic growth, and adjust to economic change, through urban labour markets • Pro-poor urbanisation requires labour intensive growth, supported by labour protection, flexible land use regulation and investments in basic services U rbanisation is taking place on a massive scale...

Australian cities face several critical problems related to climate change and social/environmental equity. The emerging Australian scholarship on ‘climate justice’ helps to explain the inequitable impacts of climate change upon marginalised and disadvantaged communities (Fritz and Wiseman 2009; Moss 2009; Steele et al 2012). Vulnerable social groups will be hardest hit by climate change whethe...

This chapter surveys the fundamental forces that drive the formation and size of cities. We discuss the different types of agglomeration economies generated by a dense web of activities, with special emphasis on the benefits associated with the clustering of highly skilled workers. The distribution of activities within cities results from the trade-off between commuting and housing costs. We sh...

It is expected that the final Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act rule will encourage shopping, increase efficiency, lower housing costs, and promote the purchase of loans that are more suited to a household’s needs. The transfer of markups from firms charging excessive fees to consumers has been estimated to be approximately $670 per loan (a total of $8.35 billion) but could be as high as $1...

This article develops a theoretical understanding of the relationship between young people and city space. More speciŽ cally, our focus concerns what we have termed ‘urban playscapes’—young people’s activities in bars, pubs, night-clubs and music venues within the night-time entertainment economy. The paper theoretically and empirically explores three interrelated aspects of these playscapes: p...

Since the implementation of market oriented economic reform in 1978, China has been on the track of rapid urbanization. The unprecedented urbanization in China has resulted in substantial cultivated land loss and rapid expansion of urban areas. The cultivated land loss due to urbanization not only threatens food security in China, but has also led to ecological system degradation to which close...