This paper examines the socioeconomic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, child mortality and maternity child health care in Ghana. Data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey shows that infant mortality is lower among rural-urban migrants compared to rural non-migrants. Proportional hazards model estimates reveal that the survival chances of children of rural-urban migration pe...

bioretention or rain garden is a preferable low impact development (lid) approach due to its characteristics which reflect natural water cycle processes. however, this system is still little understood and quite complicated in terms of design and implementation due to many technical considerations. hence, this paper gives a review of the challenges and developments for the use of bioretention f...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A legislative framework for bio-medical waste management (BMWM) was established in the country more than a decade ago. Though some studies have identified gaps at local levels, no systematic effort was done to collect data from different parts of the country. The objective of this nationwide study was to document existing resources, infrastructure and practices related t...

I recent years there has been a growing concern over the congested conditions of our urban highway facilities. The continuing escalation of adverse driving conditions in major urban areas has generated a feeling of discontent among automobile owners and transportation planners alike. One major factor that has contributed to this feeling of dissatisfaction is the rapid pace with which many of th...

OBJECTIVE Investigate differences in the infectious aetiology, health seeking behaviour, and provider practices with regard to diarrhoeal illness among children presenting to urban versus rural clinics in Western Kenya. DESIGN Laboratory-based, passive surveillance. SETTING The urban portion of the study was conducted at the paediatric outpatient clinic of Nyanza Provincial Hospital in Kisu...

Maintenance Access Hatches are used to ensure urban safety and aesthetics while facilitating the management of power lines, telecommunication lines, and gas pipes. Such facilities necessitate affordable and effective surveillance. In this paper, we propose a FiCHS (Fixed Cluster head centralized Hierarchical Static clustering) routing protocol that is suitable for underground maintenance hatche...

BACKGROUND India has experienced a steep rise in institutional childbirth. The relative contributions of public and private sector facilities to emergency obstetric care (EmOC) has not been studied in this setting. This paper aims to study in three districts of Gujarat state, India:(a) the availability of EmOC facilities in the public and private sectors; (b) the availability and distribution o...

OBJECTIVE To determine the availability and quality of family planning services within health facilities throughout the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS Data were collected for the cross-sectional study from April 2014 to June 2014 by the Ministry of Public Health. A total of 1,568 health facilities that reported data to the National Health Information System were selected by m...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence, nature and relationship to age, sex, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) of adverse reactions following routine cycloplegic eye drops in children. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Ophthalmology outpatient clinic Dutch metropolitan hospital; February, March and April 2009. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 3-14-year-old children receiv...