Quantal organization of reflex and conditioned eyelid responses. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2518-2530, 1997. Upper lid movements and the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle were recorded in behaving cats during spontaneous and experimentally evoked reflex blinks, and conditioned eyelid responses. Reflex blinks evoked by the presentation of air puffs, flashes, or tones consisted...

AIMS To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine test in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis (OSP). METHOD Apraclonidine (0.5%) was administered to 31 eyes, nine with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS), 22 with bilateral OSP caused by diabetes, and to 54 control eyes. All were confirmed with the cocaine test. The effects on pupil diameter and upper eyelid level we...

BACKGROUND Brow ptosis is a potential complication after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of upper blepharoplasty on eyebrow position. METHODS In this Between April 2011 and March 2013, eighty three patients (166 eyes with mean age of 49.7 years) underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty. The patients were assessed using pre- and post-operatively...

Aims: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine test in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis (OSP). Method: Apraclonidine (0.5%) was administered to 31 eyes, nine with a diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS), 22 with bilateral OSP caused by diabetes, and to 54 control eyes. All were confirmed with the cocaine test. The effects on pupil diameter and upper eyelid level we...

This report of a case of congenital ectropion is presented not only because of its intrinsic interest and great rarity but also because, so far as one has been able to determine, it is the first case in which an attempt has been made to elucidate the aetiology of the condition by a detailed examination of the lids. Collins (1915) reported a case of a girl aged 4 months who had bilateral partial...

ACCORDING to Kettesy (1948), non-cicatricial or senile entropion is the direct result of a migration and accumulation of orbicularis fibres at the lid margin. The contraction of the orbicularis which follows causes excessive pressure on the upper margin of the eyelid, the mechanics of the lid musculature are altered, and entropion results. As stated by Kettesy (1948): "The normal distribution o...