The authors of the present article intend to draw attention scientific community a Medieval Great Helm found in Lucera, southern Italy, at end 1980, and presently unpublished. importance helmet – belonging last quarter 13th century being one older specimens that category existing world has been until now neglected, it is intention produce an initial analysis helmet, its history, technical chara...

The author describes and analyses the methods of disinfection in use until the end of the 18th century, i.e. before the scientific demonstration of the role of pathogenic microorganisms. These methods are classified into three categories: chemical (by derivatives of sulphur, mercury, copper, and also by alkalis and acids), physical (heating, fumigation, filtration, etc.) and biological (burial)...

in the history of islam, until the last century, shiah and sunni scholars haven’t distinguished between consumption and production loans and riba in islam absolutely has been forbidden. with the development of capitalism and its influence in muslim countries, many businessmen, industrialists and bankers were faced with the problem of usury . to solve this problem, a group of theologists proposa...

While the Kingdom of Italy was officially established after half a century struggle, Ottoman Empire living its last century. The unification period significant epoch in which these two states coincided with each other history. This study is examination Italian Unification from point view, started Napoleonic and until 1861 when declared. During this era peninsula, numerous events, relevant or ir...

since the second half of the first century ad onward, varicus verbal sects and religions began to flourish. one of the currents, thought was mutazelie that there was no desirable relations with shia until the middle of third century ad. therefore, at this point of times many leaders of two groups wrote so many refutuation in the case of each other, that their purpose of this action was to defen...