We give a presentation of Pure type systems where contexts need not be well-formed and show that this is equivalent to the usual one. The main motivation for that, when we extend with computation rules, like in logical framework Dedukti, want declare constants before rules are needed check well-typedness their type.

OBJECTIVE This article examines noncausal associations between high school seniors' alcohol and marijuana use status and rates of self-reported unsafe driving in the past 12 months. METHOD Analyses used data from 72,053 students collected through annual surveys of nationally representative cross-sectional samples of U.S. 12th-grade students from 1976 to 2011. Two aspects of past-12-month alco...

Volume 28, Number 4, December 2002 In Latin America and the Caribbean, more than 95% of induced abortions are performed illegally, often in unsafe conditions.*1 Unsafe abortions occur at a higher rate in this region than in any other region in the world: Each year, 30 of every 1,000 women of reproductive age in Latin America and the Caribbean have an unsafe abortion, compared with 27 per 1,000 ...

OBJECTIVE Since 1999, substantial efforts have been made by the international community to reduce the risks associated with unsafe injections, through ministries of health, international donors, the World Health Organization and the Safe Injection Global Network. The present study attempted to measure the progress, or lack thereof, made over the 2000-2010 decade in reducing unsafe injections in...

The precondition for safe execution of a procedure is useful for understanding, verifying and debugging programs. We have previously presented a cegar-based approach for inferring necessary and sufficient preconditions based on the iterative abstraction-refinement of the set of safe and unsafe states until they become disjoint. A drawback of that approach is that safe and unsafe traces are expl...

Time manipulation, typically done using gettime() and settime(), happens extensively across all software layers in smartphones, from the kernel, to the framework, to millions of apps. This paper presents the first study of a new class of software bugs on smartphones called sleep-induced time bugs (SITB). SITB happens when the phone is suspended, due to the aggressive sleeping policy adopted in ...

Since the 1980s biotechnology has been promoted as a symbol of European progress. As a clean technology, agbiotech was meant to enhance efficient agri-production and thus fulfil the beneficent promise of a European Biosociety, like its counterpart of the Information Society. By the early 1990s biotech symbolised the ‘knowledge-based society’ and eventually the Lisbon agenda. At the 2000 Lisbon ...

Artificial sweeteners or intense sweeteners are sugar substitutes that are used as an alternative to table sugar. They are many times sweeter than natural sugar and as they contain no calories, they may be used to control weight and obesity. Extensive scientific research has demonstrated the safety of the six low-calorie sweeteners currently approved for use in foods in the U.S. and Europe (ste...

This paper presents a mechanism for modeling timing, precedence, and data-consistency constraints on concurrently executing processes. The model allows durations and intervals between events to be speciied. An algorithm is provided to detect schedules which may be unsafe with respect to the constraints. This work, motivated by the design and validation of autonomous error-recovery strategies on...

PURPOSE The relationship between faults in diagnostic reasoning, diagnostic errors, and patient harm has hardly been studied. This study examined suboptimal cognitive acts (SCAs; i.e., faults in diagnostic reasoning), related them to the occurrence of diagnostic errors and patient harm, and studied the causes. METHOD Four expert internists reviewed patient records of 247 dyspnea patients, usi...