BACKGROUND The 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) regulates >170,000 public water systems to protect health, but not >13 million private wells. State and local government requirements for private well water testing are rare and inconsistent; the responsibility to ensure water safety remains with individual households. Over the last two decades, geogenic arsenic has emerged as a significant pub...

Curriculum-based measurement in reading (CBM-R) and the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) are assessment tools widely employed for universal screening in schools. Although a large body of research supports the validity of CBM-R, limited empirical evidence exists supporting the technical adequacy of MAP or the acceptability of either measure for universal screening. Purposes of the current stu...

Universal screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is an extremely complex subject which has stirred up broad debate and opposing positions regarding the convenience or inconvenience of performing universal versus selective screening. The recently published consensus document advocates universal screening because adequate evidence to justify it is considered to be available. Some of ...

Universal screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is an extremely complex subject which has stirred up broad debate and opposing positions regarding the convenience or inconvenience of performing universal versus selective screening. The recently published consensus document advocates universal screening because adequate evidence to justify it is considered to be available. Some of ...

BACKGROUND The literature remains conflicted regarding the most effective way to screen for MRSA. This study was designed to assess costs associated with universal versus risk factor-based screening for the reduction of nosocomial MRSA transmission. METHODS The study was conducted at The Ottawa Hospital, a large multi-centre tertiary care facility with approximately 47,000 admissions annually...

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is now the commonest congenital form of infective neurological handicap, recognized by the Institute of Medicine as the leading priority for the developed world in congenital infection. In the absence of an effective vaccine, universal screening for CMV in pregnancy has been proposed, in order that primary infection could be diagnosed and- potentially-...

The United States is experiencing an epidemic of opioid use, addiction, and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Consequentially, a great deal of public, and public health, attention has turned toward the timely recognition of pregnant women who use drugs. We explore the clinical efficacy and ethical acceptability of different methods of identification-contrasting drug testing (using biologic samples ...

Introduction: Adhesive dentistry faces complex clinical situations, which require the dentist to be able choose best adhesive protocol offered by universal adhesives. Objective: To present current information about performance in bond strength according etching technique used adhesives, evaluating total technique, selective enamel etching, self-etch and bonding special situations. Methodology: ...