BACKGROUND All life, including cells and artificial protocells, must integrate diverse molecules into a single unit in order to reproduce. Despite expected pressure to evolve a simple system with the fastest replication speed, the mechanism by which the use of a great variety of components, and the coexistence of diverse cell-types with different compositions are achieved is as yet unknown. R...

All life, including cells and artificial protocells, must integrate diverse molecules into a single unit in order to reproduce. Despite expected pressure to evolve a simple system with the fastest replication speed, the mechanism by which the use of the great variety of components, and the coexistence of diverse cell-types with different compositions are achieved is as yet unknown. Here we show...

The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The eeectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We deene and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a prop...

The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The eeectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We deene and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a prop...

conclusions fulminant hepatitis b is associated with distinct mutational patterns of hbv, underlining that genomic diversity of the virus is an important factor determining its pathogenicity. results the most commonly detected diversities affect regulatory motifs of hbv in the core and s region, indicating that these alterations may convert the virus to an aggressive strain. moreover, mutations...

To account for the double-edged nature of demographic workplace diversity (i.e,. relational demography, work group diversity, and organizational diversity) effects on social integration, performance, and well-being-related variables, research has moved away from simple main effect approaches and started examining variables that moderate these effects. While there is no shortage of primary studi...

Bioprocess limitations imposed by microbial cell-to-cell phenotypic diversity remain poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the origins of such culture diversity during lipid production and assessed the impact of the fermentation microenvironment. We measured the single-cell lipid production dynamics in a time-invariant microfluidic environment and discovered that production is not...

This study focuses on the issue of worlrforce diversity among organizations in India. It analyses current perspectives, employees and employers, regarding need, enforcement, management their respective organizations. The paper tries to cover different employment contexts by studying a Public Sector Unit, an Indian MNC, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organization. investigates seriousness im...