Experimental solubility curves and tie-line data for the (water + phenol + 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) system was obtained at T = 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure. The tie-line data was determined by techniques karl-fischer and refractometry. This ternary system exhibits type-2 behavior of LLE. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting ability of the solve...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is unknown whether H2S plays a role in the protection of hepatic I/R injury in both young and old patients. This study compared the protective effects of H2S in a rat model (young and old animals) of I/R injury and the mechanism underlying its effects. Young and old rats were assessed following a...

The Escherichia coli K-12 nrf operon encodes a periplasmic nitrite reductase, the expression of which is driven from a single promoter, pnrf. Expression from pnrf is activated by the FNR transcription factor in response to anaerobiosis and further increased in response to nitrite by the response regulator proteins, NarL and NarP. FNR-dependent transcription is suppressed by the binding of two n...

Neurons display genomic fragility and show fragmented DNA in pathological degeneration. A failure to repair DNA breaks may result in cell death or apoptosis. Lithium protects retinal neurocytes following nutrient deprivation or partial nerve crush, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that pretreatment with lithium protects retinal neurocytes from ischemia-ind...

Recent evidence indicates that microglial activation and hippocampal damage may play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam has been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and Korea. In this study, the mechanism responsible for the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory eff...

Adequate control of phosphate levels remains an important issue in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Lanthanum carbonate has been proposed as a new phosphate binder. Previous studies have shown a high phosphate binding capacity (>97%) and low gastrointestinal absorption of lanthanum, without serious toxic side effects in the presence of a normal renal function (NRF). Because of lanthan...

To the Editor: Alcohol induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation is known to cause liver injury. An increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) from alcohol consumption leads to oxidative stress [1]. This can activate the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α which promote liver injury. Both IL-6 and TNF-α are activated and transcribed by the inflammatory molecule, NFκB [2]. We read t...

Abstract Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an experimental model of human allergic contact dermatitis, one the representative skin diseases, where NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role. Although regulation activity by cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, role CB1R CHS unclear. Here, we investigate putative using selective anta...

We tested the agreement between classifications of the weight status of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) by body mass index (BMI) and by body fat (BF) content (BF/W, where W = actual weight), when BF was computed as BF = W - V/0.73 from the Sahlgrenska, Watson, or Hume anthropometric formulas estimating body water (V) in 933 patients on PD and 7,737 outpatients without hydration disorders. ...

Recently an improved long-range model for electrolyte solutions was developed that is applicable from infinite dilution to pure salt. This paper tests this claim the first time applying it calculation of liquid-liquid equilibria mixtures different ionic liquids (ILs) and water. The conventional Pitzer-Debye-Hückel (PDH) equation compared two its new, thermodynamically consistent extensions. Bot...