The purpose of this paper is to investigate the short-run and long-run causality between renewable energy (RE) consumption and economic growth (EG) in nine OECD countries from the period between 1982 and 2011. To examine the linkage, this paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration test and vector error-correction models to test the causal relat...

Molecular regulation was initially assumed to follow both a unidirectional and a hierarchical organization forming pathways. Regulatory processes, however, form highly interlinked networks with non-hierarchical and non-unidirectional structures that contain statistically overrepresented circuits or motifs. Here, we analyze the behavior of pathways containing non-unidirectional (i.e. bidirection...

III 1964 the author proposed as an explication of a prior’ probability the probability meawe induced on output strings by a universal Turing machine with unidirectional output tape and a randomly coded unidirectional input tape. L&n bas &own tbat if F,&(x) is an mmormalized form of this measure, and P(x) is any computable probability measure on stings, x, then

In this paper 1 we propose a combination of PLA decomposition and unidirectional error detecting techniques which permits concurrent testing for all single faults in a circuit (both in the decomposed modules and on the interconnection lines), for a lower area overhead cost than is normally associated with unidirectional error detecting codes.

Recent advances in the theory of turbulent solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are discussed and the existence of their associated invariant measures. The statistical theory given by the invariant measures is described and associated with historically-known scaling laws. These are Hack’s law in one dimension, the Bachelor-Kraichnan law in two dimensions and the Kolmogorov’s scaling law in ...

because of inhomogeneity and anisotropy of composite materials, defining a unique fatigue criterion to be suitable for different loading conditions is much more difficult in comparison with traditional materials. for this reason many tests on evaluating the damages such as crack density, stiffness reduction and residual strength are used by various researchers to monitor the fatigue process. in...

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