In swimming, the underwater phase after start and turn comprises gliding dolphin kicking, with latter also known as undulatory swimming (UUS). Swimming performance is highly dependent on phase; therefore, understanding training effects in UUS can be critical for swimmers coaches. Further, development of technique young lead to exponential benefits an athlete’s career. This study aimed evaluate ...

Several recent studies report that neurotransmitters that are critically involved in extinction in adult rats are not important for extinction in young rats. Specifically, pretest injection of the gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor inverse agonist FG7142 has no effect on extinction in postnatal day (P)17 rats, although it reverses extinction in P24 rats as reported by Kim and Richardson in...

Abstract Operant extinction has substantial evidence to support its effectiveness across a variety of populations and behaviors. However, procedures may be less-preferred by learners, caregivers, other community stakeholders, the staff implementing them. In current study, we evaluated “kind extinction” procedural modification, in which provided functionally arbitrary reinforcer form genuine pos...

There has been a longstanding debate on whether original fear memory is inhibited or erased after extinction. One possibility that reconciles this uncertainty is that the inhibition and erasure mechanisms are engaged in different phases (early or late) of extinction. In this study, using single-session extinction training and its repetition (multiple-session extinction training), we investigate...

The Selima Sand Sheet occupies more than 120,000km2 of the hyperarid, uninhabited Darb el-Arba'in Desert centered at the border of Egypt and Sudan at latitude 22" N, and is characterized by a featureless surface of lag granules and fine sand broken only by widely separated dune fields and giant ripples of varying height and wavelength. Monitoring of the largest of these chevron-shaped ripples u...

The Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin (MLPG) method is used to solve the non-steady two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. Transient laminar flow field calculations have been carried out in domains wherein certain surfaces have: (i) a sliding motion, (ii) a harmonic motion, (iii) an undulatory movement, and (iv) a contraction-expansion movement. The weak form of the governing equations has been ...