wireless sensor networks (wsns) consist of a large number of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing different environmental phenomena and sending the collected data to the base station or sink. since sensor nodes are made of cheap components and are deployed in remote and uncontrolled environments, they are prone to failure; thus, maintaining a network with its proper functions even when und...

There are considerable serious propagation delay rate and high error rate in case of data transmission in the poor and causal environment, such as underwater. Like this environment usually has heavy fluctuation of error rate and limited wireless communication state. Therefore, mechanism using in such environment has to be efficient and simple. This paper suggests a novel block ack mechanism, ca...

In this paper, we propose an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) named SOUNET where sensor nodes form and maintain a tree-topological network for data gathering in a self-organized manner. After network topology discovery via packet flooding, the sensor nodes consistently update their parent node to ensure the best connectivity by referring to the timevarying neighbor tables. Such a persi...

Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) resemble terrestrial sensor networks in many aspects. However, the high propagation delay and limited bandwidth make terrestrial sensor network’s protocols unsuitable for UWSN. Underwater sensor node are powered by batteries which are even difficult to recharge. So, energy efficiency is major concern for underwater routing. In this paper ,based on VBF, we provi...

A mobicast, or called as mobile geocast, problem in three-dimensional (3D) underwater sensor networks (USNs) is investigated in this paper, which aims to overcome the hole problem and minimizes the energy consumption of the sensor nodes while maximizing the data collection. In this work, all underwater sensor nodes are randomly distributed in a 3D underwater environment in the sea to form a 3D ...

Energy constraint is the biggest challenge in wireless sensor networks because the power supply of each sensor node is a battery that is not rechargeable or replaceable due to the applications of these networks. One of the successful methods for saving energy in these networks is clustering. It has caused that cluster-based routing algorithms are successful routing algorithm for these networks....