A vulnerability analysis of possible use in security studies is presented. The analysis of the London underground network suggests that the stations bombed on 7 July, 2005 may not have been chosen randomly. From the viewpoint of effectively disturbing the transport system, nearly the best choice was made out of roughly 3 million possible combinations for attacking three stations. By comparing t...

Designing a proper acoustical environment--indispensable to speech recognition--in long enclosures is difficult. Although there is some literature on the acoustical conditions in underground stations, there is still little information about methods that make estimation of correct reverberation conditions possible. This paper discusses the assessment of the reverberation conditions of undergroun...

Underground vehicular ad-hoc networks are indorsing wireless networks because they can realize many goals such as improving the driving safety and monitoring the emergency alerts in underground environments (i.e., road tunnels). It is necessary for vehicular nodes to recognize their positions to achieve these goals. However, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices cannot operate in underground ...

We examine the reduction in London Underground passenger journeys in response to the July 2005 bombings. Using entrance data for London Underground stations between 2001 and 2007, we incorporate demand and supply factors in a multivariate time-series regression model to estimate changes in passenger journeys between different Underground lines. We find that passenger journeys fell by an average...

Utilizing only the vertical muon intensity of the Gaisser parameterization of the muon flux at the surface and propagating this energy spectrum underground according to statistical ionization and radiative energy losses, it is possible to calculate the underground muon intensity Crouch curve. In addition, the primary spectral index of the Gaisser parameterization can be adjusted from E to E sim...

this book review presents the merits and drawbacks of engineering geology for underground works edited by gattinoni et al. and published by springer in 2014. this book summarizes most of the problems an engineer may encounter in underground design, construction and operation.this book is useful for students and professionals in engineering geology and is also referable for scholars in relevant ...