This article is mainly devoted to a review on fast BEMs for elastodynamics, with particular attention on time-harmonic fast multipole methods (FMMs). It also includes original results that complete a very recent study on the FMM for elastodynamic problems in semi-infinite media. The main concepts underlying fast elastodynamic BEMs and the kernel-dependent elastodynamic FM-BEM based on the diago...

Progress of construction technology Japan has a relatively small proportion of lowland, consisting mainly of alluvial coastal plains. Railway construction started in the early Meiji Era (1868–1912) and since the construction technology was still immature, the first lines were built in level coastal areas. The rails were laid mostly on earth structures such as embankments and cuttings. Many rail...

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference between WUSN and the terrestrial wireless sensor networks is the communication medium. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves in soil and the significant differences between propagation in air pr...