A first-principles model of the electrochemical double layer is applied to study surface energies and surface coverage under realistic electrochemical conditions and to determine the equilibrium shape of metal nanoparticles as a function of applied potential. The potential bias is directly controlled by adding electronic charge to the system, while total energy calculations and thermodynamic re...

Litter decomposition is an enzymatically-complex process that is mediated by a diverse assemblage of saprophytic microorganisms. It is a globally important biogeochemical process that can be suppressed by anthropogenic N deposition. In a northern hardwood forest ecosystem located in Michigan, USA, 20 years of experimentally increased atmospheric N deposition has reduced forest floor decay and i...

Current levels of nitrogen deposition, especially ammonia, seriously impact upon ecosystems biological diversity. However, land use policy maintaining and enhancing key ecosystems in the UK in most cases does not explicitly take account of this pollution in terms of onsite management prescriptions. In this paper the economic potential of agricultural land retirement to reduce localised nitrogen...

The photoelectrochemical properties of (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 (ACGSe) modified by deposition of CdS and CuGa3Se5 layers were investigated. The CdS and CuGa3Se5 layers formed p–n junctions with an appropriate band diagram on the surface of the electrode and they clearly increased the cathodic photocurrent and onset potential. The Pt, CdS, and CuGa3Se5 modified ACGSe (Pt/CdS/CuGa3Se5/ ACGSe) with an approp...

asphaltene precipitation and deposition is a serious problem in many iranian fields. the deposited asphaltene results in partial or total blockage of the wellbore and wellstring reducing or completely seizing oil production. this paper studies the asphaltene problem and mitigation methods in wellstring systematically. it presents new approach based on the combination of thermodynamic modeling o...

the suitability of three vapor deposition techniques for pore size modification was evaluated using polycarbonate track etched membranes as model supports. a feature scale model was employed to predict the pore geometry after modification and the resulting pure water flux. physical vapor deposition (pvd) and pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (pecvd), naturally, form asymmetric na...

antibacterial drugs used in animal might result in deposition of residues in meat, milk and eggs. the presence of antimicrobial residues in animal-originated food is critical problem in many countries over the years. because, drug residues might result in various health hazards, both actual incidence of reactions and potential hazards perceived by the public, the most countries assess residue o...

South Africa is the most industrialised country in southern Africa and stands at some risk from negative pollution inapa~ To the authors' knowledge, this paper presents the first attempt to apply the critical loads approach on the African corainent; although sensitivity mapping has been performed for Africa and the rest of the world (Kuylerstiema etal, this conference). Actual sulphate and base...

The dynamic hydro-chemical Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC) was used to predict the response of 163 Finnish lake catchments to future acidic deposition and climatic change scenarios. Future deposition was assumed to follow current European emission reduction policies and a scenario based on maximum (technologically) feasible reductions (MFR). Future climate (temperatu...