A set of vertical bars planted on given points of a horizontal line defines a fence composed of the quadrilaterals bounded by successive bars. A set of bars in the plane, each having one endpoint at the origin, defines an umbrella composed of the triangles bounded by successive bars. Given a collection of bars, we study how to use them to build the fence or the umbrella of maximum total area. W...

A strategy is introduced for enhancing the cellular selectivity of Amphotericin B (AmB) and other classes of membrane-disrupting agents. This strategy involves attaching the agent to a molecular umbrella to minimize the disruptive power of aggregated forms. Based on this approach, AmB has been coupled to a molecular umbrella derived from one spermidine and two cholic acid molecules and found to...

Aptness is an umbrella term that covers a multitude of issues in the interpretation and generation of creative metaphor. In this paper we concentrate on one of these issues — the notion of lexical systematicity — and explore its role in ascertaining the coherence of creative metaphor relative to the structure of the target concept being described. We argue that all else being equal, the most ap...

F violence” is an umbrella term that encompasses a vast variety of behaviors and people, including violence by parents toward children, violence by children toward parents, violence by men toward women, violence by women toward men, violence by adults toward elderly people, and violence between siblings. In this chapter I explore how sociological perspectives can help in understanding the pheno...

In this paper e-learning is used as an umbrella term for all types of learning involving technology. Graesser et al (2007) note that technologies for learning exist that allow for e-learning systems to be much more than information delivery systems, but "unfortunately, the learning strategies of most students are extremely limited, so the systems must provide modeling of effective strategies, i...

It will be shown that the umbrella term “nanotechnology” reveals the endeavor of recent engineering sciences and science-based technologies to find a fundamental technology, in other words: a root or core technology. This is linked to the leading and exciting vision of a specific kind of reductionism, namely technological reductionism, which has not yet been perceived by the philosophy of scien...

I shall refer to all theories according to which time passes (including dynamic versions of presentism, ‘growing block’ theories, ‘shrinking tree’ theories, and so on) under the umbrella term ‘A-theory’, and I shall use the term ‘B-theory’ in the standard way to refer to the theory according to which time does not pass, and although events are ordered in time there is no objective present time....

Open Science is an umbrella term that encompasses a multitude of assumptions about the future of knowledge creation and dissemination. Based on a literature review, this paper aims at structuring the overall discourse by proposing five Open Science schools of thought: The infrastructure school (which is concerned with the technological architecture), the public school (which is concerned with t...