cases of minimally-invasive surgery are gaining acceptance among surgeons and animal owners. one type of minimally-invasive surgery is total splenectomy, which is indicated for splenic tumors, trauma, torsions, and for dogs that require blood transfusion. to assess the safety of the technique, experimental laparoscopic splenectomies were performed in dogs for the first time in iran. three adult...

PURPOSE Total body irradiation (TBI) has been used for bone marrow transplant for hematologic and immune deficiency conditions. The goal of TBI is to deliver a homogeneous dose to the entire body, with a generally accepted range of dose uniformity being within ± 10% of the prescribed dose. The moving table technique for TBI could make dose uniform in whole body by adjusting couch speed. However...

2 patients with endometrial cancer stage II and 2 patients with cervical cancer stage Ib1 underwent totally laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) in 2004. The patients were placed in the lithotomic position. Laparoscopy was performed through the umbilicus and three ancillary ports were placed in the diamond shaped usual position. Only bipolar coagulation was used to control bleeding. No uter...

Sir, Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been reported all along the alimentary tract, including the tongue, oesophagus, small intestine, biliary tract, gall bladder, colon, and rectum, the most common site being in Meckel’s diverticulum. In addition, heterotopic gastric mucosa has been described in the mediastinum, face, spinal cord, and umbilicus. However, heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum ...

Enteroumbilical fistula is a developmental abnormality of the omphalomesenteric duct. It is a result of its incomplete involution during foetal life. A continuous communication between the ileum and the umbilicus exists which may discharge, at intervals, meconium, faeces or gas. I report two cases which were presented to the Paediatric Unit, Alor Star General Hospital, in November/December 1985.

Desmoid tumor of rectus abdominis presenting with Grey-Turner's and Cullen's sign is rare. Herein, we report desmoid tumor of rectus abdominis in a 64-year-old multiparous female who presented with ecchymosis involving left flank and around the umbilicus. Histopathological examination of biopsy from the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of the desmoid tumor. She was referred to a surgeon for radica...

Patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID) is a benign congrnital anomaly ususally presenting with fecal discharge from the umbilicus. In this report, we describe two cases of PVID presented with massive bowel prolapse through the PVID and signs of intestinal obstruction. Surgery revealed prolapse of the ileal intussusceptum through the PVID. Both of the babies were sucssesfully managed with surgery.

The urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm located between the bladder and the umbilicus. It is usually found in an advanced stage at the moment of diagnosis. We have analyzed a clinical case in which the PET-CT study provided valuable morphological and metabolic information for diagnosis and staging.