A low voltage incremental analog-to-digital converter with a pipelined architecture is presented. Using first order modulators the conversion time is significantly reduced even at low sampling rates while maintaining high resolution. The switched capacitor converter is designed to operate with a 1.8V power supply and uses three pipelined modulators. With careful design and digital correction it...

While graphene transistors have proven capable of delivering gigahertz-range cutoff frequencies, applying the devices to RF circuits has been largely hindered by the lack of current saturation in the zero band gap graphene. Herein, the first high-frequency voltage amplifier is demonstrated using large-area chemical vapor deposition grown graphene. The graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) has...

Recently, energy saving is strongly required to prevent global warming. Electricity is the most common energy form and is necessary in our daily life and various activities, because it is comparatively easy to utilize in transmission and conversion after generation. Therefore, it is very important to reduce energy loss in electric power systems and improve their efficiency. The present power sy...

A facility has been developed for the determination of the ratio of pulse high voltage dividers over the range from 10 kV to 300 kV using comparative techniques with Kerr electro-optic voltage measurement systems and reference resistive voltage dividers. Pulse voltage ratios of test dividers can be determined with relative expanded uncertainties of 0.4 % (coverage factor k = 2 and thus a two st...

supply voltage system where low supply gates may feed into high supply gates energy savings for benchmark circuits in comparison when level converters are not allowed. of a level shifter circuit having a structure to reduce fall and rise. input voltage levels prohibit the use of direct-gate drive circuits for high-side signal are linked by a level shift circuit that must tolerate the high-volta...

OBJECTIVES To assess the knowledge of smokers and ex-smokers about light cigarettes and nicotine yields and their perception of the risk of lung cancer, and to identify the characteristics of smokers of light cigarettes. METHODS Mail survey in a population sample of 494 smokers and exsmokers in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1999. RESULTS Participants were on average 40 years old, and 49% were men...

Ultralight axions and other bosons are dark matter candidates present in many high energy physics theories beyond the Standard Model. In particular, string axiverse postulates existence of up to $\mathcal{O}(100)$ light scalar constituting sector. Considering a mixture cold matter, we obtain upper bounds for axion relic density $\Omega_a h^2 < 0.004$ mass $10^{-31}\;\mathrm{eV}\leq m_a \leq 10^...

We simulate the gravitational dynamics of a massive object interacting with Ultralight / Fuzzy Dark Matter (ULDM/FDM), non-relativistic quantum matter described by Schrodinger-Poisson equation. first consider point mass moving in uniform background, and then supermassive black hole (SMBH) within ULDM soliton. After replicating simple dynamical friction scenarios to verify our numerical strategi...