Sonic hedgehog is expressed in several sites during embryogenesis which are known to be important in directing the development of neighbouring tissues, including Hensen's node, the notochord, the floor plate of the neural tube, and the posterior of the limb bud. A unity in signalling mechanisms utilized by these inducers was first indicated because they all can provide a source of limb polarizi...

OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of air abrasion tips and system operation modes on enamel cutting. METHODS Forty bovine teeth were abraded with the air abrasion system Mach 4.1 for 10 and 15 seconds, employing conventional and sonic tips of 0.45-mm inner diameter and a 90° angle, and 27.5-μm aluminum oxide at 5.51 bar air pressure in continuous and pulsed modes. The width and depth of the r...

We study the effect of nuclear reaction on a thin, axisymmetric, differentially rotating, inviscid, steady accretion flow around a black hole from an analytical point of view. We find that for most of the reasonable disk parameters, when p − p-reaction, dissociation of deuterium and helium are taken into account, the transonic region of the disk continues to have the inner sonic point and if th...

We present a type of sonic crystal composed with an array of two-dimensional Helmholtz resonators, which in the long-wave regime have both a high relative acoustic refractive index n and at the same time, a small acoustic impedance Z mismatch with air for airborne sound. We analyze the n and Z of such sonic crystals by finite-difference time-domain simulations, and by mapping our results to a c...

The physical and data link layer of the network stack contain valuable information. SoNIC (Software-defined Network Interface Card) provides software access to these layers by implementing them in software. It provides complete control over network stack in real-time. With SoNIC, we are able to perform precise network measurements. Also, GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovations) provide...

Samplers are characterized at ECBC using the following methods: (1) monodisperse fluorescent/nonfluorescent PSL microspheres with fluorometric analysis or Counter analysis, (2) polydisperse solid aluminum oxide particles with APS analysis or Coulter Multisizer analysis, (3) fluorescent oleic acid particles with fluorometric analysis, and (4) bioparticles with Coulter Multisizer, culturing, ELIS...

Audio watermarking has been used mainly for digital sound. In this paper, we extend the range of its applications to live performances with a new compositionmethod for real-time audio watermarking. Sonic watermarkingmixes the sound of the watermark signal and the host sound in the air to detect illegal music recordings recorded from auditoriums.We propose an audio watermarking algorithm for son...

We describe a first implementation of the technology used in Sonic City, an on-going project aiming to transform the experience of a user walking through an urban environment into a dynamic and real time music creation process.