Hemophagocytic syndrome is a non-malignant process that is characterized clinically by fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pancytopenia in peripheral blood, and reactive histiocytes in the bone marrow. Bacterial infectious diseases like typhoid fever and brucellosis and viral infections including CMV, herpes viruses, and Epstein-Barr virus are diagnosed as the cause of this syndrome. In thi...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes disease in mice that resembles human typhoid. Typhoid pathogenesis consists of distinct phases in the intestine and a subsequent systemic phase in which bacteria replicate in macrophages of the liver and spleen. The type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) is a major...

Background: To study the reliability of a single Widal test and to find out the diagnostic significance of ‘O’ and ‘H’ agglutinin titre in the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Methods: Community-based case-control study conducted from Jan 2001 to June 2007. The blood samples were collected from the medical and out door department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospitals, Lahore. The diagnostic value of an acute p...

OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive typhoid fever. METHOD The study was conducted over a period of 1 year. Total of 46 culture positive cases of Typhoid fever were included in the study. The sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood culture was recorded. The modes of presentation, clinic...

Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to increase the risk of cholera. This nested case-control study was conducted to determine whether H. pylori infection is associated with occurrence of typhoid fever. Eighty-three case subjects of culture-proven typhoid fever were identified through a 1-year surveillance of subjects aged 0-40 years in an urban slum. Two age- and sex-matched neighb...

BACKGROUND Fifty-four outbreaks of domestically acquired typhoid fever were reported between 1960 and 1999. In 2010, the Southern Nevada Health District detected an outbreak of typhoid fever among persons who had not recently travelled abroad. METHODS We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between illness and exposures. A case was defined as illness with the outbreak st...

Dear Madam, Typhoid fever remains a serious infectious disease in Pakistan, where the problem of multi-drug resistance leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of multi drug resistance Salmonella typhoid (MRST) increased from 12.14% in 1987 to 75.41% in 1995 in Pakistan. A study was conducted at the Department of Pathology. PNS Shifa (Naval Hospital) to know the present status of ...

BACKGROUND Many parts of India are endemic for the dengue, malaria, typhoid and scrub typhus infections. The relative contribution of these illnesses in an outbreak of acute febrile illness is not known in this region. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to find out the etiological pattern in an epidemic of acute febrile illness in Uttarakhand during the monsoon period. The study also f...

BACKGROUND To better understand the distribution of typhoid outbreaks in Washington, D.C., the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) conducted four investigations of typhoid fever. These studies included maps of cases reported between 1 May - 31 October 1906 - 1909. These data were entered into a GIS database and analyzed using Ripley's K-function followed by the Gi* statistic in yearly intervals to...

INTRODUCTION Clinical symptoms of malaria and typhoid infections are virtually indistinguishable from those initially seen in many arbovirus infections. Here we describe arbovirus co-infection detected in 310 sera samples collected from febrile, clinically suspected malaria/typhoid patients in Borno State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Tested initially for Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy and for S...