The ability to take up exogenous DNA is a requisite for genetic competence and transformation. Here we review the process of DNA transport in competent bacteria. Two kinds of machineries have been described. In the first one, the components show similarities to the proteins involved in biogenesis of type IV pili and type II secretion systems. The second one is related to the type IV secretion s...

background: panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. in this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: pm 2002 cc proline (planmeca, helsinki, finland) and cranex tome (soredex, helsinki, finland). mat...

Abstract— This research aims to determine and analyze the impact of internal control system, human resource capacity, inspection, apparatus skills on village financial accountability in villages Siempat Nempu Hulu District, Dairi Regency. type is causal associative uses primary data. The data collection method used a questionnaire. study this descriptive analysis multiple linear regression. was...