Variables make rule-based systems more abstract and expressive, as witnessed by term rewriting systems and two-level grammars. In this paper we show that variables can be used to define advanced ways of graph transformation as well. Taking the gluing approach to graph transformation [7, 3] as a basis, we consider extensions of rules with attribute variables, clone variables, and graph variables...

A two-level manufacturing operation system composed of two interconnected subproblems, i.e. scheduling of independent, non-preemptive tasks on unrelated moving executors as well as motion control of a group of moving executors performing the tasks is investigated. As the performance index of the two-level system, the makespan is assumed. Three heuristic solution algorithms for the two-level sys...

Two typical architectures of parallel database systems are the shared-everything and shared-nothing architectures. Shared-everything architecture provides better performance than the shared-nothing architecture but it is not scalable to large system sizes. On the other hand, shared-nothing architecture provides good system scalability but is sensitive to data skew. Hierarchical architectures ha...

The World-Wide Web consists not only of informational, but also computational resources. However, these resources, especially computational ones are underutilized. One characteristic of the Web is its ever changing structure; for instance, nodes are dynamically added and removed. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to draw a complete and accurate picture of available resources. We consi...

The Bloch sphere is a generic picture describing a coupled two-level system and the coherent dynamics of its superposition states under control of electromagnetic fields 1. It is commonly employed to visualise a broad variety of phenomena ranging from spin ensembles 2 and atoms 3 to quantum dots 4 and superconducting circuits 5. The underlying Bloch equations 6 describe the state evolution of t...

We examine the various two-time fluorescence intensity correlations emitted by a driven three-level atom in a cascade configuration. For a strongly driven atom, the two intensity autocorrelation functions, one from the upper transition, the other from the lower transition, exhibit different behaviors. In addition to the an oscillation similar to the two-level intensity correlation we find an ad...

This investigation has been carried out at the Geneva Research Center of the Battelle Institute, and was sponsored by the Swiss Government. — The author wishes to thank the "Commission for the Encouragement of Research" at Berne, in particular Professor Dr. U. H O C H S T R A S S E R , Professor Dr. J . A C K E R E T and Professor Dr. D. R I V I E R for their support and the permission to publi...

We present in this paper a morphological analyzer and generator for French that contains a dictionary of 700,000 inflected words called DELAF 1, and a full twolevel system aimed at the analysis of new derivatives. Hence, this tool recognizes and generates both correct inflected forms of French simple words (DELAF lookup procedure) and new derivatives and their inflected forms (two-level analysi...

The discovery of evolutionary laws of financial market is always built on the basis of financial data. Any financial market must be controlled by some basic laws, including macroscopic level, submicroscopic level and microscopic level laws. How to discover its necessity-laws from financial data is the most important task of financial market analysis and prediction. Based on the evolutionary com...