BACKGROUND From December 2014 through June 2015, the US experienced the most costly highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak to date. Most cases in commercial poultry were caused by an H5N2 strain which was a reassortant with 5 Eurasian lineage genes, including a clade 2.3.4.4 goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage hemagglutinin, and 3 genes from North American wild waterfowl low pathogenicity a...

Turkey astrovirus type-2 (TAstV-2), turkey rotavirus (TRotV), and turkey reovirus (TReoV) have been implicated as possible causes of enteric diseases and poor production in turkeys; however, numerous studies with each individual virus have failed to reproduce the disease as observed in the field. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the pathogenesis of all possible combinations of one, two, or...

Abstract The emergence of unusual foodborne outbreak-causing Salmonella Reading (SR) in turkey production warrants rapid control measures. objective the study was to prevent cecal colonization and internal organ dissemination SR growing turkeys using a dairy-originated probiotic bacterium Propionibacterium freudenreichii (PF), live attenuated Typhimurium vaccine (VC; AviPro Megan Egg), or their...

ALL TYPES of poultry are important reservoirs of paratyphoid infections. As applied to poultry diseases, the term ''paratyphoid" denotes diseases caused by micro-organisms of the Salmonella group other than Salmonella pullorum (puUorum disease) and Salmonella gallinarum (fowl typhoid). More than 60 of the 200-odd types of Salmonella that are known to exist cause diseases in poultry. With the ra...

I N a search for polymorphisms in plasma proteins of turkeys, we observed differences in the electrophoretic patterns of proteins which migrated in the region of the alb~rnins.~ On tracing the pedigrees of the birds it became apparent that the alleles for the three albumin types were segregating only in descendants from a cross between the domestic species (Meleagris gallopavo) and the ocellate...

Abstract In the US Southwest and Northwest Mexico, people turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo ) have had a reciprocal relationship for millennia; supplied feathers, meat, other resources, whereas provided food, shelter, care. To investigate how fit within subsistence, economic production, sociopolitical organization, religious ritual practice in Mimbres Valley of southwestern New we report on genetic...

Predators like coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Felis rufus), skunks (Mephitis spp.), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) do kill substantial numbers of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and quail (Colinus virginianus). This leads one to ask whether there are fewer birds to harvest because of this predation and whether predator control could increase harvestable stocks. Predator control can be effective on ...

The turkey microbiome is largely understudied, despite its relationship with bird health and growth, and the prevalence of human pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. In this study we investigated the microbiome within the small intestine (SI), caeca (C), large intestine (LI), and cloaca (CL) of turkeys at 6, 10, and 16 weeks of age. Eight turkeys were dissected within each age category and the ...

A locus has been identified in turkey DNA that contains nucleotide sequences homologous to the oncogene (v-rel) in the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T. This locus, c-rel, has been molecularly cloned from an apparently heterozygous turkey. c-rel is approximately 23 kilobase pairs in length, with at least seven apparent introns, and contains sequences sufficient to account ...