BACKGROUND Prior animal and human studies of prenatal exposure to solvents including tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown increases in the risk of certain congenital anomalies among exposed offspring. OBJECTIVES This retrospective cohort study examined whether PCE contamination of public drinking water supplies in Massachusetts influenced the occurrence of congenital anomalies among children ...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a simultaneously swallowing provocation test for dysphagia patients undergoing fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), as well as to evaluate its efficacy. METHODS In this test, 0·4 and 2·0 mL volumes of water were dripped into the pharynx under endoscopic examination of swallowing, and determine the latency time (LT) of the swallowing ref...

To the Editor: We read with interest the letter on intratracheal kinking of an endotracheal tube by Lee et al.1 The authors highlighted that, in addition to various known causes of obstruction of the endotracheal tube, intratracheal kinking at the site where the inflating lumen opens into the cuff can also cause its obstruction. Their observation is similar to that of Singh et al.2 where the au...

The concept of a smart skin embodies the philosophy of a multilayer structure that includes sensing elements, actuation elements and a controller. Such an embedded system has been developed for under water vehicle applications where the objective is the control of both near and far field noise. Acoustic/structural characterization is a necessary part of optimal design, however the simulation mo...

In this paper, we present experimental investigation of convective heat transfer characteristic in the inner tube fluid of miniature concentric double tube Hair-pin heat exchanger with constant heat flux. This work is carried out for distilled water and a mixture of distilled water and ethylene glycol (10%, 20% and 25% by volume) as heat transfer cold fluid flowing in inner tube to carry away h...

16% Exposure to arsenic through groundwater has been a major public health problem in the USA, Taiwan, Mexico, Mongolia, Argentina, India, Chile, and Bangladesh.1 More than 100 million people worldwide have been estimated to be chronically exposed to arsenic from drinking water containing high arsenic levels. The situation is devastating in Bangladesh that can easily be reflected via the number...

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a compact round-tube louver-fin condenser, each with frontal areas of 0.25 m in both dry and wet conditions. Deluge water cooling is achieved by incorporating a perforated bottom plate-type water distributor on top of the round tube heat exchanger. Water is used as a refrigerant, and enters the heat exchanger tubes at 35°C ...

A bathymetric, polarization lidar system transmitting at 532 nm and using a single photomultiplier tube is employed for applications of shallow water depth measurement. The technique exploits polarization attributes of the probed water body to isolate surface and floor returns, enabling constant fraction detection schemes to determine depth. The minimum resolvable water depth is no longer dicta...

The removal effects of the faucet mounted type water purifier for home use were examined against Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The water purifier is composed of a layer of granular activated carbon and the hollow fiber membrane filter. The cartridges were unused, 25%, 50% and 75% flow down by Arizona-dust of U. S. A. Two respective cartridges were used of the examination. The faucet and the w...

In this study, hot metal gas forming process of AA6063aluminumtubeis studied with a focus on heat transfer of both fluid and solid phases numerically. An experimental study is simultaneously conducted to validate the numerical method. Some of the most important outputs of the present study, are velocity distribution of fluid inside the tube as well as the fluid in the gap between tube and matri...