Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features in patients with sepsis and organ failure. Within mitochondria, superoxide is converted into hydrogen peroxide by MnSOD (manganese-containing superoxide dismutase), which is then detoxified by either the mGSH (mitochondrial glutathione) system, using the enzymes mGPx-1 (mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase-1), GRD (glutathione r...

The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with increased cardiac endothelial injury. However, no causative link has been established between increased AGEs and enhanced endothelial injury after ischemia/reperfusion. More importantly, the molecular mechanisms by which AGEs may increase endothelial injury remain unknown. Adult rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) we...

To identify differentially expressed genes from channel catfish macrophages, a cDNA library from LPS-stimulated catfish macrophages was screened by subtractive hybridization. This screening yielded a 552-bp cDNA coding for catfish thioredoxin (CF-TRX). The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that CF-TRX contains 107 amino acids and is 59% homologous to human adult T cell leukemia-derived facto...

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a stress-inducible protein with diverse intracellular functions, which is expressed under conditions of oxidative stress. Exercise is known to cause oxidative stress by the generation of oxygen radicals from various biological pathways. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of TRX induction of cellular extracts prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells...

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I), the aetiological agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP/HAM), transforms human T-cells in vivo and in vitro. The Tax protein of HTLV-I is essential for cellular transformation as well as viral and cellular gene transactivation. The interaction of Tax with cellular proteins is critical for these functions. We prev...

Background. Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the US. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in prostate cancer. Methods. In this study, thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1), an enzyme and subcellular indicator of redox status, was measured in prostate biopsy tissue from 55 men from the North Carolina-Loui...

OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in cardiovascular disorders. Thioredoxin (Trx) is an oxidative stress-limiting protein with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. Here, we analyzed whether Trx-1 might exert atheroprotective effects by promoting macrophage differentiation into the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Trx-1 at 1 μg/mL induced do...

INTRODUCTION Despite experimental evidence, clinical demonstration of acute state of oxidative stress and inflammation during post-cardiac arrest syndrome is lacking. Plasma level of thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-active protein induced under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation, is increased in various critical care conditions. We determined plasma TRX concentrations after cardiac arres...

Newly formulated cationic liposomes (TRX-liposomes) with four different mean diameters were injected into twelve male rats via the lateral tail vein in order to evaluate the effect of liposomal size on pharmacokinetic parameters. TRX-liposomes disappeared from the blood according to the one-compartment model and demonstrated maximum and minimum half-lives of ca. 14 h (mean diameter of 114.3 nm)...