Due to the disconnected and store-and-forward architecture in multimedia social networks (MSNs), routing becomes a great challenge with the frequent path disruptions. Moreover, some nodes in MSNs tend to be selfish or malicious, e.g. they sometimes will not forward packets for other nodes or will launch passive and active attacks in order to save their limited resources such as bandwidth, batte...

This chapter discusses the concept of trust and how trust is used and modeled in online systems currently available on the Web or on the Internet. It starts by describing the concept of information overload and introducing trust as a possible and powerful way to deal with it. It then provides a classification of the systems that currently use trust and, for each category, presents the most repr...

Trust should be substantially based on evidence. Further, a key challenge for multiagent systems is how to determine trust based on reports from multiple sources, who might themselves be trusted to varying degrees. Hence an ability to combine evidence-based trust reports in a manner that discounts for imperfect trust in the reporting agents is crucial for multiagent systems. This paper understa...

BACKGROUND Trust as a measure of social capital has been documented to be associated with health. Mediating factors for this association are not well investigated. Harmful alcohol consumption is believed to be one of the mediating factors. We hypothesized that low social capital defined as low institutional trust is associated with harmful alcohol consumption. METHODS Data from the 2006 Swedi...

This study proposes and validates a trust measurement model for buyer-seller relationships. Baptized as development-based trust, the model encompasses three dimensions of trust: calculus-based, knowledge-based and identification-based. In addition to recognizing that trust is a multidimensional construct, the model also assumes that trust can evolve to take on a different character depending on...

OBJECTIVES To explore inequalities in the care experiences of of patients with cancer by patient, clinical and trust-level factors [corrected]. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey 2011-2012. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer who attended an acute or specialist National Health Service (NHS) trust in Eng...

Subjective insecurity is a key determinant of different forms of prosocial behavior. In Study 1, we used field experiments with farmers in Colombian villages exposed to different levels of violence to investigate how individual perceptions of insecurity affect cooperation, trust, reciprocity and altruism. To do so, we developed a cognitive-affective measure of subjective insecurity. We found th...

Trust in the citizens of a potential partner country may affect the decision to trade with or to migrate to a foreign country. This paper employs panel data to examine the causal impact of such bilateral trust on international trade and migration patterns. We apply instrumental variables (IV) approaches that capture the exogenous variance of bilateral trust separately with eight indicators of g...

Developing distributed applications is a difficult task. It is further complicated if system-wide security policies shall be specified and enforced, or if both data and hosts are owned by principals that do not fully trust each other, as is typically the case in service-oriented or gridbased scenarios. Language-based technologies have been suggested to support developers of those applications—t...

We conducted 4 experiments to examine how people incorporate visual information about strangers’ religious identities—religious badges—into their decisions about how much to trust them. Experiment 1 revealed that Christian and non-Christian participants were more trusting (as measured by self-report) of targets who wore a religious badge associated with Christianity (Ash Wednesday ashes) than t...