The standard semantics for counterfactuals ensures that any counterfactual with a true antecedent and true consequent is itself true. There have been many recent attempts to amend the standard semantics to avoid this result. I show that these proposals invalidate a number of further principles of the standard logic of counterfactuals. The case against the automatic truth of counterfactuals with...

The standard semantics for counterfactuals ensures that any counterfactual with a true antecedent and true consequent is itself true. There have been many recent attempts to amend the standard semantics to avoid this result. I show that these proposals invalidate a number of further principles of the standard logic of counterfactuals. The case against the automatic truth of counterfactuals with...

Abstract Some philosophers maintain that physical properties are irreducibly modal: powers . Powers then employed to provide explanations of other phenomena philosophical interest such as laws nature and modality. There is, however, a dispute among theorists about how far the ontology extends: all manner at levels fundamentality or only be found fundamental properties? This paper argues answer ...

realism and a true understanding of every issue is the prerequisite for success in thinking about that issue, and in investigating its consequences and boons. human existential position can be investigated from different aspects: from the viewpoint of his need, dependence, and existential poverty, that would be the source of scientific, practical, and ethical consequence. in this article, after...

fosus-al-hekam is one of the most reliable mystical sources written by the well-known mohyeddin ibn-al-arabi. the purpose of the present article is to study different descriptions of fosus-al-hekam and presenting the meaning of hazaraat-e-khams (five attendances), its various parts, the opinions of different commentators and the similarities and differences in their comments. the author of the ...

In the framework of extended gravity theories, we discuss the meaning of a time dependent “cosmological constant” and give a set of conditions to recover asymptotic de Sitter behaviour for a class of cosmological models independently of initial data. To this purpose we introduce a time–dependent (effective) quantity which asymptotically becomes the true cosmological constant. We will deal with ...

For Naranjo, awareness is "the ultimate treasure"; it lies at the very foundation of the transpersonal and flows through all Buddhist and Sufi philosophy and practice. In exploring the meaning of awareness in each of these practices, the author recognizes the temptation "to value the manifestation above the awareness”. But he sees a shift in understanding toward the true nature of awareness and...

Abstract The article discusses the link between freedom, crime and punishment. According to some theorists, does not only cause a person have less freedom; it constitutes, in of itself , breach freedom others. Punishment people more for instance by preventing crimes; respect mutual freedom. If latter claims are true, punishment must certain meanings that make them denials/affirmations irrespect...

My double aim in this paper is to argue for the claims that, when they are formed certain ways, some judgements expressed by “I am here now” both (a) apriori (although not solely virtue of their meaning), and (b) necessary (albeit trivially so). I will submit that such “analytic” same sense “immune error through misidentification” notion understood a relativistic way: cases, no component conten...

We present new methods for pruning and enhancing itemsets for text classification via association rule mining. Pruning methods are based on dependency syntax and enhancing methods are based on replacing words by their hyperonyms of various orders. We discuss the impact of these methods, compared to pruning based on tfidf rank of words.