Using fluorescence polarization immunoassay, we measured the peak and trough concentrations of total and free carbamazepine in serum and saliva from 33 epileptic children. We found that, except for patients who show side effects, measurement of trough values in a single sample, collected after an overnight fast and before the morning dose, sufficiently estimates clinical response. Moreover, tot...

Hurricane Ivan, a category 4 storm, passed directly over six wave-tide gauges deployed by the Naval Research Laboratory on the outer continental shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Waves were observed with significant wave heights reaching 17.9 meters and maximum crest-to-trough individual wave heights of 27.7 meters (91 feet). Analysis suggests that significant wave heights likely surpas...

BACKGROUND Traditional approaches to health professional education are being challenged by increased clinical demands and decreased available time. Web-based e-learning tools offer a convenient and effective method of delivering education, particularly across multiple health care facilities. The effectiveness of this model for health professional education needs to be explored in context. OBJ...

OBJECTIVES Pharmacokinetic parameters following modifications to antiretroviral therapy and sanctuary site exposure are often unknown for recently licensed antiretrovirals. We assessed plasma, CSF and seminal plasma (SP) exposure of rilpivirine after switching from nevirapine. METHODS HIV-infected male subjects receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine/nevirapine (245/200/400 mg) once daily switched ...

The study was performed to determine the gestational age of preterm infants that requires amikacin therapeutic drug monitoring. A study was conducted in preterm infants on amikacin therapy with gestational age of 28 to 36 weeks. Therapeutic drug monitoring in preterm infants was performed based on their individual pharmacokinetics to avoid ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Its prerequisite, becau...

This study aimed to 1) analyze the results of tacrolimus blood concentration monitored in patients after renal transplantation, 2) observe and establish an optimal therapeutic window for patients, and 3) provide evidence for the clinical and rational use of drugs. Tacrolimus blood concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 1824 cases were obtained from the mon...

The potential for interactions between caspofungin and nelfinavir or rifampin was evaluated in two parallel-panel studies. In study A, healthy subjects received a 14-day course of caspofungin alone (50 mg administered intravenously [IV] once daily) (n = 10) or with nelfinavir (1,250 mg administered orally twice daily) (n = 9) or rifampin (600 mg administered orally once daily) (n = 10). In stud...

Cyclosporin A (CsA) exhibits poor bioavailability after oral administration of Sandimmune, with wide intra- and interindividual variations. Our study sought to determine the effect of the coadministration of CsA standard oily formulation and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) and that of an aqueous micellar solution containing TUDC, monoolein, and CsA in promoting and regulating CsA bioavailability i...

We studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nelfinavir administered 2 or 3 times per day to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy containing nelfinavir. The geometric mean trough concentrations of nelfinavir for the thrice- and twice-daily regimens were 1.55 mg/L and 1.11 mg/L, respectively (P=not significant). N...

English] Activating student knowledge (ASK) before receiving learning materials improves their learning outcome (Tormey and LeDuc (2014)). We implement ASK through priming by using two versions of the same pretest in a dual eye-tracking study in a MOOC context. We propose an additional activity, a collaborative concept-map, based on the MOOC lecture to enable the students to reflect on what the...