Turnover (i.e., species substitution) and nestedness (i.e., subsets of species from more diverse locations), the two main mechanisms used to explain the beta diversity of biological communities, have different implications for biodiversity conservation. To better understand how these mechanisms contribute to beta diversity, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) greater dissimilarity in commun...

Solar radiative heat and wind-forced momentum can be trapped at the surface transmitted into ocean interior via a daily descending shear layer that mixes downwards. Here, we characterize extent of this mechanism across tropical Pacific seven mooring deployments spanning eastern western Inter-Tropical South Convergence Zones. We find wide range diurnal cycles in temperature velocity, from very w...

Substantial amounts of organic matter (OM) from terrestrial ecosystems are buried as sediments in inland waters. It is still unclear to what extent this OM constitutes a sink of carbon, and how much of it is returned to the atmosphere upon mineralization to carbon dioxide (CO2). The construction of reservoirs affects the carbon cycle by increasing OM sedimentation at the regional scale. In this...

Oxisols ( Latossolos ) are widely distributed in tropical zones and generally characterized by high levels of surface subsurface acidity. In Brazil, most managed under no-till conditions with application acidity amendments. This study aimed to evaluate lime strategies (incorporated surface) for achieving the desired soil base saturation (BS%) (44, 60, 70, 90 %) effect phosphogypsum + on chemica...

Introduction: Change of natural land use has become major a driver biodiversity loss around the world. Mammals are important components forests because they affect forest structure and composition, but few studies have compared mammals in tropical areas with different levels human disturbance. Objective: To do rapid assessment non-flying Hacienda Barú National Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica, three...

PRIMARY TROPICAL FORESTS ARE POWERhouses of biodiversity (1) but are rapidly declining in extent and are threatened even within some protected areas (2). As a result, non-primary forests, especially those that have been selectively logged, are becoming more important to conservation efforts. In the tropics, logging is almost always selective, targeting only certain commercially valuable tree sp...

Intercontinental disjunctions between tropical regions, which harbor two-thirds of the flowering plants, have drawn great interest from biologists and biogeographers. Most previous studies on these distribution patterns focused on woody plants, and paid little attention to herbs. The Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms, with a herbaceous habit and a high species diversity ...

We review the development of a new type of model for simulation and theory of the tropical atmospheric component of climate variations. These models are referred to as \quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation models", or QTCMs, because they make use of approximations associated with quasi-equilibrium (QE) convective parameterizations originally proposed by Arakawa and Schubert. The formulation u...

background listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from various foods and environments in temperate areas, tropical countries and different parts of iran. the bacterium as a psychrotrophic organism is capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures. objective the current study was conducted to determine the incidence of listeria spp. on the surfaces of domestic refrigerators in ahvaz city as a...