BACKGROUND HIV-1 infected patients for whom standard gp160 phenotypic tropism testing failed are currently excluded from co-receptor antagonist treatment. To provide patients with maximal treatment options, massively parallel sequencing of the envelope V3 domain, in combination with tropism prediction tools, was evaluated as an alternative tropism determination strategy. Plasma samples from twe...

We studied in vitro Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection within human thymic cell cultures as a model to explain the consequences of HIV-1 on the thymic microenvironment. Although HIV-1 inIfection may exert direct thymic cytopathicity, the majority of thymocytes remain uninfected. One hypothesis to explain this effect is that infection of stromal cells, including tissue macroph...

BACKGROUND The X4 Antagonist Concept Trial investigates the safety and antiviral activity of AMD11070, a potent inhibitor of X4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro in HIV-infected patients harboring X4-tropic virus. METHODS Patients enrolled in the study had an X4 virus population 2000 relative luminescence units (rlu; by the Monogram Trofile Assay) and an HIV-1 RNA level 5000 ...

BACKGROUND The importance of using research evidence in decisionmaking at the policy level has been increasingly recognized. However, knowledge brokering to engage researchers and policymakers in government and non-government organizations is challenging. This paper describes and evaluates the knowledge exchange processes employed by the Translational Research on Obesity Prevention in Communiti...

BACKGROUND CCR5 coreceptor using HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) has been reported to dominate the Ethiopian epidemic. However, almost all data have been obtained from two large cities in the central and north-west regions and recent data is lacking. METHODS Plasma were obtained from 420 treatment-naïve patients recruited 2009-2011 to a large country-wide Ethiopian cohort. The V3 region was sequence...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND CCR5 antagonists have clinically been approved for prevention or treatment of HIV/AIDS. Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest burden of HIV/AIDS are due to adopt these regimens. However, HIV-1 can also use CXCR4 as a co-receptor. There is hence an urgent need to map out cellular tropism of a country's circulating HIV strains to guide the impending use of CCR5...

Nowadays, centrifugal compressors are commonly used in the oil and gas industry, particularly in the energy transmission facilities just like a gas pipeline stations. Therefore, these machines with different operational circumstances and thermodynamic characteristics are to be exploited according to the operational necessities. Generally, the most important operational parameters of a gas pipel...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) preferentially utilizes the CCR5 coreceptor for target cell entry in the acute phase of infection, while later in disease progression the virus switches to the CXCR4 coreceptor in approximately 50% of patients. In response to HIV-1 the adaptive immune response is triggered, and antibody (Ab) production is elicited to block HIV-1 entry. We recently det...

Laboratory-adapted (LA) macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates (e.g., HIV-1(Ba-L)) and low-passage primary (PR) isolates differed markedly in tropism for syngeneic neonatal monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and placental macrophages (PMs). Newly adherent neonatal monocytes and cultured PMs were highly refractory to infection with PR HIV-1...