Infectious agents cause disease in virtually any susceptible hosts. In the poultry production and medicine, pathogens were eliminated from a line of a breeder by injection of antibiotics into hatching eggs. There is little information available describing the safety of the folate antimetabolite/sulfonamide class of antibiotics on the game birds embryonated eggs. The objective of this study was ...

BACKGROUND Data on more than a decade of outpatient use of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials in Europe were collected from 33 countries as part of the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project, funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). METHODS For the period 1997-2009, data on outpatient use of system...

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and three oral cephalosporins, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephradine, were evaluated in vitro as possible alternatives to chloramphenicol in the treatment of non-central nervous system infections due to ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. Sixty-four isolates of H. influenzae, including 31 beta-lactamase-positive strains, were tested by the agar dilution met...

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim have been used for many decades as efficient and inexpensive antibacterial agents for animals and man. Resistance to both has, however, spread extensively and rapidly. This is mainly due to the horizontal spread of resistance genes, expressing drug-insensitive variants of the target enzymes dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase, for sulfonamide and t...

OBJECTIVE Cranberry prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants has proven effective in the experimental model of the adult. There are few data on its efficacy, safety and recommended dose in the pediatric population. METHODS A controlled, double-blind Phase III clinical trial was conducted on children older than 1 month of age to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cranberry ...

Concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in plasma, cantharidin-induced skin blister fluid and theoretical peripheral compartment were determined in twelve male subjects suffering from bacterial skin diseases after a single oral dose of 0.32 g of trimethoprim and 1.6 g of sulfamethoxazole. Maximum trimethoprim concentrations of 8.5 +/- 1.1 micromol/l in plasma, 5.6 +/- 0.8 micromol/l...

We studied the effects of the CYP2C8 inhibitor trimethoprim and CYP2C8 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of the antidiabetic pioglitazone. In a randomized crossover study, 16 healthy volunteers with the CYP2C8(*)1/(*)1 (n = 8), (*)1/(*)3 (n = 5), or (*)3/(*)3 (n = 3) genotype ingested 160 mg of trimethoprim or placebo twice daily for 6 days. On day 3, they ingested 15 mg of pioglitazone. The eff...