although many methods exist for intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) fluence map optimization for crisp data, based on clinical practice, some of the involved parameters are fuzzy. in this paper, the best fluence maps for an imrt procedure were identifed as a solution of an optimization problem with a quadratic objective function, where the prescribed target dose vector was fuzzy. first, a d...

with regard to the importance of instantaneous peak discharge estimation for watershed management study, and due to the lack of and unqualified climatic and hydrologic data for estimation and measurement in countries such as iran, researchers were obliged to establish a link between constant parameters (geomorphologic) and variables (hydrologic) to present models with minimum dependence on clim...

objective(s): the aim of this study was to synthesize triangular gold nanoparticles, and then to evaluate their capability for inhibition of candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinase 2(sap2).materials and methods: to synthesize the nanoparticles, hydrogen tetrachloroaurate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were incubated in presence of sn(iv) meso-tetra(n-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine t...

To the Editor, We read with interest the excellent article titled “Use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of temporal triangular alopecia” by Campos et al.1 However, we take issue with their statement that the incidence of congenital triangular alopecia has been estimated at 0.11%.2 Taken at face value, readers may assume that 0.11% of the general population have congenital triangular alopecia. The...