Security managers are always being offered new methods to test the security of their systems. Unfamiliarity with the terminology and types of testing can result in the manager not getting the services he or she is seeking. This article presents a taxonomy of terms in order to classify the different types of services available, and explain how each technique evaluates security controls in real-w...

Provides an overview of some of the findings of a recently completed study of school choice in 33 local schools which may be indicative of the effect of an increase in the marketisation of schools. Since it is unlikely that debate over parental choice can be settled by theoretical argument alone and it may also be too early to understand the full implications of the relevant recent government r...

We develop and estimate an equilibrium model of ability tracking. A school allocates students into tracks based on their ability and then chooses trackspecific inputs to test score production. Parents choose parental effort in response. We estimate the model using data from the ECLS-K. We use the estimated model to quantify the effects of allowing ability tracking, making proficiency standards ...

Recent legislation in the Netherlands requires that children should play a part in decision making regarding their own health care. So far, however, little attention has been given to the child’s participation in medical interviews. In order to get a grip on aspects of asymmetry and control in doctor–parent–child communication, the present study explores the turntaking patterns in this triad at...

Parental protection of eggs represents one of the most basic forms of parental care. Theory suggests that even such basic parental investment represents a trade-off between current offspring survival and future reproductive success. However, few studies have quantified the underlying costs and benefits of parental care for marked individuals across an entire lifetime. I marked and followed 370 ...

Fraud and security continue to be problems for firms. Fraud information is typically incomplete and deliberately obfuscated. These qualities make fraud events harder to detect using conventional security controls. This study uses a knowledge management framework to explore how different types of controls are used to detect and investigate information fraud. The analysis is based on the customer...

This paper presents work for the development of a framework to assure the security of networked medical devices being incorporated. The paper focuses on one component of the framework, which addresses system development processes, and the assurance of these through the use of a Process Assessment Model with a major focus on the security risk management process. With the inclusion of a set of sp...

lower respiratory illness, infancy, childhood.

Background Headache is a very common complaint in children, and can have a profound impact on school performance [1], being the major cause of absence from school [2], and interfering with other daily activities [3]. The studies based on parental reports may be an unreliable source of information on the frequency of headache in young children; in fact, it has been suggested that almost 36% of t...