of locating supply points optimally with respect to transportation costs i s given. Although the algorithm may fail to converge to an optimal solution, repeated application with judicious selections of alternative starting values will assure a good, i f not optimal, solution. The algorithm has been tested and some sample results are included. The location of factories, warehouses-and supply poi...

this paper examines the effect of the poor road transportation network on crop production in one of the rural agrarian local government of kwara state, nigeria. a well-structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 120 crop farmers using a two-stage sampling technique. findings from the study revealed that the poor road transportation network in their area had led to a r...

The transportation of hazardous materials such as gasoline has unique features due to the nature of these type of materials and the importance role of these material in human life. Therefore, determining the routing of these materials is more challengeable than non-hazardous one due to more dangerous and risky condition besides the transportation costs. Since the distribution of gasoline take p...

In this paper, a supplier-retailer transportation system is investigated as a two-echelon environment. There is a single location in each echelon; the unique supplier at the first echelon has to replenish the retailer's warehouse at the second echelon. By the way, the shortage situation should be avoided. For this situation, a model is provided based on the traditional EOQ model. The inventory ...

Numerous algorithms have been proposed to solve the shortest-pathproblem; many of them consider a single-mode network and crispcosts. Other attempts have addressed the problem of fuzzy costs ina single-mode network, the so-called fuzzy shortest-path problem(FSPP). The main contribution of the present work is to solve theoptimum path problem in a multimodal transportation network, inwhich the co...

BACKGROUND We report an economic analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care and treatment in Indonesia to assess the options and limitations of costs reduction, improving access, and scaling up services. METHODS We calculated the cost of providing HIV care and treatment in a main referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia from 2008 to 2010, differentiated by initiation of treatment at...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Europe and North America. Colonoscopy done every 10 years beginning at age 50 is the preferred method of screening. In Poland and some other countries examinations are offered to subjects free of charge. However, as well as direct medical costs there are direct non-medical costs, which include the cost of transportation and costs relat...

The ceaselessly increasing number of trips on urban highways and major arterial roads have caused serious congestion and air pollution problems. Thus many transportation agencies have persevered in their efforts not only to alleviate such problems, but also to minimize social costs. However, the complex nature of such problems has strongly hindered transportation agencies’ ability to consider a...