Owing to the absence of any static support structure, Ad-hoc networks are prone to link failures. The ‘shortest path seeking’ routing protocols may not lead to stable routes. The consequent route failures that ensue, lead to the degradation of system throughput. This paper suggests a routing protocol wherein the route selection is done on the basis of an intelligent residual lifetime assessment...

Abstarct: An adaptive management for heterogeneous wireless network is proposed to deal the handoff process and route selection. It consists of a type selection process, a routing discovery process, and a handoff and maintenance process. Furthermore, the routing discovery process includes route discovery phase and route selection phase. Via hybrid wireless networks, one can serve 50% more users...

Internet transmission and switching facilities are partitioned into different administrative domains. To effect routing between domains, domain border routers establish pairwise peering sessions and exchange routing information at exchange points. An alternative arrangement, in which each border router at an exchange point peers only with a Route SerÕer, provides some operational benefits. From...

In recent years, the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is getting more important and is being utilized in various fields. However, routing-disruption attacks have become a serious problem for MANET. In various routing-disruption attack detection methods, transmission time-based methods can detect wormhole attacks efficiently. Attackers might fabricate a time stamp for a Route Request Packet (RREQ) ...

conclusions health care providers need to pay special attention to sexual transmission of hcv among hiv-infected individuals, and should recommend control/preventive measures for hcv sexual transmission. results age of the index samples was 38.71 ± 7 years, and 33.2 ± 6.3 for their main heterosexual partners; the mean duration of sexual relationship for couples was 11.9 (median = 8.5) years. mu...

the types of transmission systems which today are available for long distance transmission of large numbers of telephone circuits are those for coaxial cables and radio links. the number of circuits is increased in both cases in step with development in technique. radio links have for several years been able to transmit 600 telephone circuits per system. and are now being designed for 960 circu...

This paper presents a biologically inspired routing protocol called Self Selective Routing with preferred path selection (SSR(v3)). Its operation resembles the behavior of a biological ant that finds a food source by following the strongest pheromone scent left by scout ants at each fork of a path. Likewise, at each hop of a multi-hop path, a packet using the Self Selective Routing (SSR) protoc...

BACKGROUND Moraxella catarrhalis, occasionally, plays the essential role in nosocomial respiratory infection (NRI). Few studies have reported the route by which this organism spreads in a nosocomial infection outbreak. We identified characteristics of the strains isolated from NRI and attempted to reveal the potential nosocomial transmission routes. METHODS A follow-up study has been performe...

1. When the parasitic mite Varroa jumped species from the eastern to the western honey bee, millions of infested bee colonies died. Recent work has revealed that the probable cause of this collapse is that mites provide a new route of transmission, by acting as a vector, for certain bee viruses. 2. Using a mathematical model parameterized by recently collected data on bee viruses, we investigat...