Objective to present a guide with recommendations for translation, adaptation, elaboration and process of validation of tests in Speech and Language Pathology. Methods the recommendations were based on international guidelines with a focus on the elaboration, translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation process of tests. Results the recommendations were grouped into two Charts, one...

to provide the validated and standardized form of the persian version of the ages and stages questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of iranian children's development.this was a cross-sectional study. translation and back-translation, content validity determination, cultural and lingual modifications, pilot study on 100 parents and inter-rater reliability de...

The revised hierarchical model of bilingualism (e.g., Kroll & Stewart, 1994) assumes that second language (L2) words primarily access semantics through their first language (L1) translation equivalents. Consequently, backward translation from L2 to L1 should not imply semantic access but occurs through lexical wordform associations. However, recent research with Dutch-French bilinguals showed t...

In this paper we present two approaches for integrating translation into cross-lingual search engines: the first approach relies on term translation via a language ontology, the other one is based on machine translation of specific information.

The cross-view image translation task is aimed at generating scene images from arbitrary views. However, due to the great differences in shapes and contents of various views, quality generated degraded. Small objects, such as vehicles’ details, are not clear, which causes them be structurally inconsistent with semantic map used guide generation process. To solve this problem, we propose a novel...

Presentation of bacteria-derived CD8 T cell epitopes by dendritic cells (DC) requires either their direct infection or that DC acquire and cross-present Ags from other infected cells. We found that cross-presentation of Listeria monocytogenes-derived CD8 T cell epitopes was much stronger than direct Ag presentation by infected murine DC. Cross-presentation of Listeria-derived CD8 T cell epitope...