As the behavior of a system composed of cyclically competing species is strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations, it is of interest to study cyclic dominance in low dimensions where these effects are the most prominent. We here discuss rock-paper-scissors games on a one-dimensional lattice where the interaction rates and the mobility can be species dependent. Allowing only single sit...

Femtosecond Raman spectroscopy has been developed to investigate ultrafast photoinduced structural changes of materials. Vibrational modes in the photogenerated transient species are measured by stimulated Raman scattering using a Raman pump pulse with narrow bandwidth and a femtosecond supercontinuum probe pulse. The Raman signal can be measured without slowing the temporal response and broade...

Although positrons and antiprotons have vastly different masses, we show that it is possible to store both particle species simultaneously in a Paul trap, using the space charge of the positron cloud as a trap for the antiprotons. Computer simulations confirm the validity of this new trapping mechanism. In addition, the simulations show transient antihydrogen production that manifests itself in...

Radicals are key intermediates in numerous reactions. Their high reactivity enables various transformations to occur under mild conditions, however, also brings great challenges control their reactions especially over heterogeneous catalysts. Here we propose use metal nanoparticles directly steer the conversion of free radical species. Results from photocatalytic reactions, situ transient absor...

Background: The transient tachypnea is a common respiratory problem in the neonate. One of the significant issues in pathophysiology of this disorder is the delayed reabsorption of the fluid by the neonate’s lungs and the effusion of fluid in the lungs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of restrictive fluid management in transient tachypnea of the neonate. Methods: The presen...

In the conversion of fuel in the Tehran Research Reactor core from Highly- Enriched Uraniutn to Low-Enriched Uranium fuel neutronics analysis, thermal hydraulic calculations and kinetic performance of the core have to be studied. In this study, static and dynamic core performance for HEU and LEU fuels were investigated. In static conditions, two groups of neutron flux distributions in axia...

We present a picosecond Fe K-edge absorption study of photoexcited ferrous and ferric hexacyanide in water under 355 and 266 nm excitation. Following 355 nm excitation, the transient spectra for the ferrous and ferric complexes exhibit a red shift of the edge reflecting an increased electron density at the Fe atom. For the former, an enhanced pre-edge transition is also observed. These observat...

Local tissue acidosis frequently occurs in airway inflammatory and ischemic conditions. The effect of physiological/pathophysiological-relevant low pH (7.0-5.5) on isolated rat vagal pulmonary sensory neurons was investigated using whole cell perforated patch-clamp recordings. In voltage-clamp recordings, vagal pulmonary sensory neurons exhibited distinct pH sensitivities and different phenotyp...

We study the solvation of molecules and ions that are key in context molten carbonate electrolyser cells using first-principles simulations. Focusing on electroreduction CO2 to CO a medium, we investigate both reactant product eutectic LiKCO3 (containing 62% Li2CO3, 38% K2CO3). is found spontaneously react with form transient pyrocarbonate species, C2O52−. To similar reaction could occur CO32− ...

Iron oxygenases generate elusive transient oxygen species to catalyze substrate oxygenation in a wide range of metabolic processes. Here we resolve the reaction sequence and structures of such intermediates for the archetypal non-heme Fe(II) and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase TauD. Time-resolved Raman spectra of the initial species with (16)O(18)O oxygen unequivocally establish the F...