Protein aggregates containing ubiquitinated proteins are commonly present in neurodegenerative disorders and have been considered to cause neuronal degeneration. Here, we report that transient cerebral ischemia caused severe protein aggregation in hippocampal CA1 neurons. By using ethanolic phosphotungstic acid electron microscopy (EM) and ubiquitin immunogold EM, we found that protein aggregat...

The glutamate excitotoxicity hypothesis of ischemic cell damage holds that cell damage caused by transient cerebral ischemia is triggered by glutamate, released during ischemia from the intracellular compartment into the synaptic cleft: high extracellular glutamate levels activate ionotropic glutamate receptors, thus inducing an overflow of calcium ions into the neurones and a calcium-induced a...

A molecular explanation for why some neurons are more vulnerable than others to ischemic injury has long remained elusive. In this issue of Neuron, Peng et al. propose that CREB-dependent downregulation of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2, resulting in defective Q/R editing of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunits and increased availability of calcium and zinc-permeable death-promoting AMPA receptors, under...

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid widely used as an insecticide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of 0.1 LD50 of cypermethrin on memory, movement activity and co-ordination in mice exposed to transient incomplete cerebral ischemia. Transient occlusion of both carotid arteries (BCCA) in adult female mice was performed under ketamine + xylazine anesthesia. ...

Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important role in brain injury in experimental models of brain ischemia. Thymoquinone, the main constituents of the volatile oil from Negella sativa seeds, is reported to possess strong antioxidant properties. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone against transient forebrain ...

Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone and combination of these agents against experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury....

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has been shown to reduce neural injury after transient cerebral ischemia. It has also been reported that this neuroprotective effect results from an anticoagulant function. This study was designed to evaluate quantitatively the inhibitory effects of argatroban on leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell interactions after transient...

OBJECTIVE Neurological injury due to transient cerebral ischemia is a potential complication of cardiovascular surgery. The neuroprotective effect of magnesium, when given subcutaneously before the ischemia, was assessed in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were included to this randomized, controlled, prospective study. In 24 animal...

Delayed neuronal death after transient cerebral ischemia may be mediated, in part, by the induction of apoptosis-regulatory gene products. Caspase-3 is a newly characterized mammalian cysteine protease that promotes cell death during brain development, in neuronal cultures, and in other cell types under many different conditions. To determine whether caspase-3 serves to regulate neuronal death ...

PURPOSE To ascertain whether propofol prevents lipid peroxidation on delayed neuronal death induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the hippocampal CA1 subfield in gerbils. METHODS Forty gerbils were randomly assigned to five groups: Group I, control, sham operation treated with physiological saline solution (PSS); Group II, ischemia/reperfusion treated with PSS; Group III, ischemia/reperf...