PURPOSE To obtain experimental in vivo information on the functional properties of myocilin for aqueous humor (AH) outflow and to study in vivo the processing of mutated Tyr437His myocilin. Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that is mutated in some forms of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and patients with the Tyr437His mutation have severe phenotypes. METHODS The chicken betaB1-crystall...

Vertebrate genomes contain thousands of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) that often function as tissue-specific enhancers. In this study, we have identified CNEs in human, dog, chicken, Xenopus, and four teleost fishes (zebrafish, stickleback, medaka, and fugu) using elephant shark, a cartilaginous vertebrate, as the base genome and investigated the evolution of these ancient vertebrate CNEs...

CUG-BP, Elav-like family member 1 (CELF1) is a highly conserved RNA binding protein that regulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and translation. In the heart, CELF1 is expressed in the myocardium, where its levels are tightly regulated during development. CELF1 levels peak in the heart during embryogenesis, and aberrant up-regulation of CELF1 in the adult hear...

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of the germ cell lineage. A method for the prolonged invitro culture of chicken PGCs, which retain the ability to colonise the gonad when introduced into developing embryos, has been described (van de Lavoir etal., Nature 441 (2006) 766–769). The invitro culture of PGCs provides a useful tool for the creation of transgenic chickens and investigati...

Chicken coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria sp., occurs in almost all poultry farms and causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Although this disease could be controlled by vaccination, the reduced feed conservation ratio limits the widespread application of anticoccidial vaccines in broilers because some intermediate and/or low immunogenic Eimeria sp. only elicit partial protection. It...

health and safety are important factors in today’s life. most of studies show that consuming the chicken that has anti biotic caused different diseases like digestive vessel cancer. attention to controlled use of antibiotics can play a key role in society health which considered in the production of green chicken. planning for increasing the production of mentioned chicken needs the investigati...

In birds, the mechanism of sex determination is unknown: it is uncertain whether the female-specific W-chromosome encodes an ovary-determining gene analogous to the mammalian testisdetermining gene, or whether testis determination is dependent on a double dose of a Z-chromosome gene(s) that escapes inactivation. In addition, birds do not carry a homologue to the Sry gene and the identity of the...

In birds, the mechanism of sex determination is unknown: it is uncertain whether the female-specific W-chromosome encodes an ovary-determining gene analogous to the mammalian testisdetermining gene, or whether testis determination is dependent on a double dose of a Z-chromosome gene(s) that escapes inactivation. In addition, birds do not carry a homologue to the Sry gene and the identity of the...

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of the germ cell lineage. A method for the prolonged invitro culture of chicken PGCs, which retain the ability to colonise the gonad when introduced into developing embryos, has been described (van de Lavoir etal., Nature 441 (2006) 766–769). The invitro culture of PGCs provides a useful tool for the creation of transgenic chickens and investigati...

Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is known to be expressed in limb mesenchymal cells and to function as a mesenchymal signaling factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during limb development. To elucidate regulation of Fgf10 expression, we isolated the promoter region of Fgf10 containing its 2.0 kb upstream 5'-fragment from the initiation codon and its 0.9 kb downstream fragme...