relationships between soil factors and vegetation types in playa of damghan was investigated. six vegetationtypes including artemisia.sieberi, arundo. sp, artemisia.sieberi-peganum.harmala, alhagi.cammelerom,artemisia.sieberi-petropyron.sp, tamarix.passerinoides-halocnemum strobilaceum. one bare land was recognized inthe study area and the research was conducted within mentioned types. canopy p...

fracture. several chronic medical conditions, medications, and life style factors affect bone mineral accrual. this study aims to evaluate the bone mineral densities and hip axis lengths in the local population. materials and methods: 336 normal bangladeshi women age ranges 20 to 70 years had evaluation of their bone mineral densities (bmds) by means of dual x-ray absorptiometry (dxa). results:...

A four-year-old boy presented with a solitary bone cyst in the odontoid process and body of the axis. Plain radiographs showed a radiolucent lesion with extreme thinning of the cortex and MRI demonstrated a high signal intensity in the interlesional matrix. The cystic component extended into the body of the axis through a defect in the epiphyseal plate. At operation, the cavity of the cyst was ...

The group Spiralia includes species with one of the most significant cases of left-right asymmetries in animals: the coiling of the shell of gastropod molluscs (snails). In this animal group, an early event of embryonic chirality controlled by cytoskeleton dynamics and the subsequent differential activation of the genes nodal and Pitx determine the left-right axis of snails, and thus the direct...

Motion direction discrimination in humans is worse for oblique directions than for the cardinal directions (the oblique effect). For some unknown reason, the human visual system makes systematic errors in the estimation of particular motion directions; a direction displacement near a cardinal axis appears larger than it really is whereas the same displacement near an oblique axis appears to be ...

Axis elongation is a conserved process in which the head-to-tail or anterior-posterior (AP) axis of an embryo extends. In Drosophila, cellular rearrangements drive axis elongation. Cells exchange neighbours by converging into transient multicellular vertices which resolve through the assembly of new cell interfaces parallel to the AP axis. We found that new interfaces elongate in pulses correla...

The body-plan of vertebrates, while exteriorly essentially symmetric along its medio-lateral plane, displays numerous left-right differences in the disposition and placement of internal organs. Such left-right asymmetries, established during embryogenesis, are controlled by complex epigenetic and genetic cascades that impart laterality information to the different embryo structures and organ pr...

BACKGROUND Recent new anatomical and histological features of craniocervical junction in dogs and cats were described providing evidence of differences between the carnivore species. No information on these structures in foxes exists. RESULTS Two parts of the alar ligaments were found. A longer one aroused from dens of axis to the internal (medial) surface of the occipital condyles and was ca...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate, reliable and easily applicable method for determining the anatomical location of the joint line during revision knee arthroplasty. METHODS The transepicondylar width (TEW), the perpendicular distance between the medial and lateral epicondyles and the distal articular surfaces (DMAD, DLAD) and the distance between the medial and ...