A 39-nucleotide leader is trans-spliced onto all trypanosome nuclear mRNAs. The precursor spliced leader RNA was tested for trans-splicing function in vivo by mutating the intron. We report that in Leishmania tarentolae spliced leader RNA 5' modification is influenced by the primary sequence of stem-loop II, the Sm-binding site, and the secondary structure of stem-loop III. The sequence of stem...

The small G proteins of the Arf family play critical roles in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton organization. However, the function of some members of the family remains poorly understood including Arl5 which is widely conserved in eukaryotes. Humans have two closely related Arl5 paralogues (Arl5a and Arl5b), and both Arl5a and Arl5b localize to the trans-Golgi with Arl5b being involved in ...

background: drinking a high amount of tea, cooking methods, dietary habits and different spices used during the cooking process could be associated with different chronic diseases such as overweight and hypertension. this study was conducted with regards to the prevention importance of these disorders from an early age. methods: a representative sample of 110 young females aged between 18 and 2...

the hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts of echiophora platyloba dc. was analyzed by gc and gc/ms. ten components have been identified, of which the major constituents were found to be trans-b -ocimene (67.9%), 2-furanone (6.2%), myrcene (6.0%), linalool (3.1%), and cis-b -ocimene (2.3%).

The biomechanical interaction between the leg stump and the prosthetic socket is critical in achieving close-to-normal ambulation. Although many investigations have been performed to understand the biomechanics of trans-tibial sockets, few studies have measured the socket interface pressure for transfemoral amputees. Furthermore, no report has examined how the residual muscle activities in the ...

A cycle of cis-to-trans isomerization of the chromophore is intrinsic to vertebrate vision where rod and cone photoreceptors mediate dim- and bright-light vision, respectively. Daylight illumination can greatly exceed the rate at which the photoproduct can be recycled back to the chromophore by the canonical visual cycle. Thus, an additional supply pathway(s) must exist to sustain cone-dependen...

In this paper we consider the selection of controlled variables for two vapour compression cycles. One is a conventional sub-critical ammonia cooling cycle and the other is a trans-critical CO2 cooling cycle. The two cycles have quite different operational properties. For the ammonia cycle we find that several simple control structures gives acceptable performance in terms of achieving in pract...