In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the cooperative learning behavior of agents is very important. field heterogeneous among different types in a group pursued. Learning joint-action set during centralized training an attractive way to obtain such behavior; however, this method brings limited performance with agents. To improve training, two-stage which allows multiple roles proposed. During...

the alginate was extracted with six different methods from iran south seacoast algae, sargassum sp, and the percentage yield of alginate was determined. we divided our methods to two groups including acidic extraction and non-acidic. in acidic methods, hcl and h 2 so 4 were used as a detergent in extraction process and cacl 2 was exerted in non-acidic treatments. all treatments compared with ea...

Designing metacognitive activities that focus on both cognitive and social development is a theoretical and practical challenge. This balanced approach to metacognition concerns itself with many aspects of student development, ranging from academic competence to knowledge about the self-as-learner. In this article, I examine two basic approaches to supporting metacognition: (a) strategy trainin...

Problem solving requires the use of higher mental functions, functions that can be improved with training (Brown, Ryan, & Creswell, 2007). The current study examines the effects of meditation on creative problem solving. Participants were undergraduate students (n = 81) who were randomly assigned to meditate or rest. Next, Pp were asked to solve a problem: fishing out a small object from inside...

the stage specific functional response of the acarophagous ladybird beetle stethorus gilvifrons mulsant to varying densities of citrus brown mite eutetranychus orientalis (klein) eggs was examined in a simplified castor bean leaf arena under laboratory conditions. all stages of s. gilvifrons were individually isolated for 24 hours with different prey densities at 30âºc and a photoperiod of 14: ...