ne of the hottest topics in recent climate-change negotiations has been emissions trading. Under the Kyoto Protocol, countries that face high costs to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are allowed to pay countries with lower-cost opportunities to make the reductions for them. An Energy Laboratory team has developed an easy-to-interpret method of showing who would trade and how specific n...

In electricity, ‘‘downstream’’ CO2 regulation requires retail suppliers to buy energy from a mix of sources so that their weighted emissions satisfy a standard. It has been argued that such ‘‘load-based’’ regulation would solve emissions leakage, cost consumers less, and provide more incentive for energy efficiency than traditional source-based cap-and-trade programs. Because pure load-based tr...

Can choice of mutualistic partners and the degree of their utilization determine (1) mutualistic partner coexistence, (2) relative abundance of mutualistic partners, and (3) environment-dependent changes in relative abundance? We investigate these questions in the context of the plant-mycorrhizal fungal mutualism by building a biological market model potentially applicable to other mutualisms a...

Despite of the importance of effective cash management in passive investment, few analytical results could be found in this area except Connor & Leland(1995). They analyzed the cash management as a stochastic control problem. But futures are not taken into account in their model. Though the use of futures in hedging has disadvantages of possible large tracking error and extra trading cost due t...

Trading electricity between regions can support the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) through: (i) exploitation temporal differences in wind power generation (geographic smoothing); and (ii) connection that have unequal VRE resources (resource transfer). This work investigates impacts these two different trade features relation to other strategies for facilitating VRE. The transmis...

Roman Carrasco and colleagues propose a "cap and trade" system for global health involving a cost-effectiveness criterion and a DALY global credit market, mirroring global carbon emission permits trading markets to mitigate climate change.

Since 1996 the Basel risk-weighting regime has been based on the distinction between the trading and the banking book. For a long time credit items have been weighted less strictly if held in the trading book, on the assumption that they are easy to hedge or sell. The Great Financial Crisis made evident that banks declared a trading intent on positions that proved difficult or impossible to sel...

Numerous studies in the finance literature have investigated technical analysis to determine its validity as an investment tool. This study is an attempt to explore whether some forms of technical analysis can predict stock price movement and make excess profits based on certain trading rules in markets with different efficiency level. To avoid using arbitrarily selected 26 trading rules as did...