Freshwater reservoirs constitute an important source of drinking water, but eutrophication and higher temperatures increase the risk more frequent blooms cyanobacteria, including species that produce toxins. To improve prediction cyanotoxin episodes, we studied annual occurrence potential microcystin (MC) saxitoxin (STX)-producing cyanobacteria in Lobo reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. Relati...

BACKGROUND A large outbreak of diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by an unusual serotype of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (O104:H4) began in Germany in May 2011. As of July 22, a large number of cases of diarrhea caused by Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli have been reported--3167 without the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (16 deaths) and 908 with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (3...

The southern Namaqua shelf of the Benguela upwelling system, downstream of the Cape Columbine upwelling cell, is frequently subjected to a variety of harmful algal bloom (HAB) phenomena. Here, winds dictate most physical processes that are important to the development of HABs. Toxic algal cell concentrations and distributions, in relation to their respective toxin content, are compared over 2 a...

shiga toxin producing escherichia coli have been associated with hus, hc and ttp in human. we found recto-anal mucosal sample in sheep as well in cattle is the main site for e. coli o157 localization. 1246 e. coli isolates from 872 both healthy and diarrheic animals were analyzed, by screening for the presence of shiga toxin-producing (vt 1 and vt 2) and intimin (eae) genes used multiplex pcr. ...