BACKGROUND Although a common first aid topic, emergency tourniquets to stop bleeding are controversial because there is little experience on which to guide use. Absent an adequate historical analysis, we have researched development of emergency tourniquets from antiquity to the present. METHODS We selected sources emphasizing historical development of tourniquets from books and databases such...

We report the effect of padding on the efficiency of the pneumatic tourniquet for the upper limb. Varying thicknesses of two commercially-available types of orthopaedic padding (Cellona and Velband) were applied to the arms of 20 volunteers, with three pressure transducers placed directly beneath the padding. A tourniquet was positioned over the padding and inflated to 220 mmHg. Significant red...

BACKGROUND Tourniquet application is a known means for bleeding prevention in the military prehospital setting. METHODS This study was a 4-year retrospective analysis of silicone and improvised tourniquet applications by Israeli Defense Force soldiers. RESULTS Of 550 soldiers who were treated in the prehospital setting, tourniquets were applied to 91 (16%) patients and in less than 15 minut...

"Junctional hemorrhage" is defined as bleeding from the areas at the junction of the trunk and its appendages. This is an important cause of potentially preventable deaths on the battlefield and a difficult condition to treat in the civilian prehospital setting. Having a solution to definitively treat the condition decreases the mortality and morbidity of these injuries. The Abdominal Aortic an...

We have examined the effect of EMLA on tourniquet pain and compared it with those of subcutaneous ring anaesthesia (SRA), a double cuff technique and a single cuff (control) during i.v. regional anaesthesia. The durations of analgesia (mean 57.3 (SD 16.6) min) and tolerance (72.3 (13.9) min) to tourniquet inflation in the EMLA group were comparable to those in the SRA group (54.1 (16.2) min and...

A possibility of measuring water vapor column from diffuse irradiance, and thus the extension of optical retrievals to cloudy days, was investigated. The data from the Rotating Shadowband Spectroradiometer (RSS) during its winter deployment at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site is used. The initial analysis covers 20 days in March 1999 that include clear, partly cloudy, and overcast days. Dur...

The current debate about slow recovery from the Great Deflation, accompanied by persistent threat of price deflation, has highlighted the relevance of liquidity as a necessary factor to ensure stability and growth. An important branch of the literature focuses on the Safe Assets (i.e., liquid assets which market values are highly resilient in terms of goods and services), and pays special atten...

A straightforward and efficient anesthetic approach for hand forearm surgery is intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA), often known as the Bier Block. Dr. August developed this method in 1908, it offers total well a bloodless operating room. Historically, local has been contained surgical field created by using an upper arm tourniquet. Major issues following IVRA with tourniquet are uncommon, a...

CONTEXT A tourniquet is a device that is used frequently in most orthopaedic surgeries but this routine device can lead to serious complications so we decided to review and declare it for safe instruction and use. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched the word "tourniquet" in PubMed and Google and reviewed all full text English articles and abstracts of non-English articles. In addition, we read a...

An infrequent case of hair tourniquet the penis in a male goat aged two years with history difficulty urination is reported here.