ÐUsing design patterns is claimed to improve programmer productivity and software quality. Such improvements may manifest both at construction time (in faster and better program design) and at maintenance time (in faster and more accurate program comprehension). This paper focuses on the maintenance context and reports on experimental tests of the following question: Does it help the maintainer...

In two controlled experiments we compare the performance on code maintenance tasks for three equivalent programs with 0, 3, and 5 levels of inheritance. For the given tasks, which focus on understanding effort more than change effort, programs with less inheritance were faster to maintain. Daly et al. previously reported similar experiments on the same question with quite different results. The...

Program comprehension is a major time-consuming activity in software maintenance. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of program comprehension is therefore necessary for improving software maintenance. It has been argued that acquiring knowledge of how a program works before modifying it (the systematic strategy) is unrealistic in larger programs. The goal of the experiment presented in thi...

In two controlled experiments we compare the performance on code maintenance tasks for three equivalent programs with 0, 3, and 5 levels of inheritance. For the given tasks, which focus on understanding effort more than change effort, programs with less inheritance were faster to maintain. Daly et al. previously reported similar experiments on the same question with quite different results. The...

OBJECTIVES To describe and evaluate a pilot methadone maintenance program for heroin-dependent inmates of Las Malvinas men's prison in San Juan, Puerto Rico. METHODS Data from self-report of inmates' drug use before and during incarceration, attitudes about drug treatment in general and methadone maintenance in particular, and expectations about behaviors upon release from prison and from tes...

In two controlled experiments we compare the performance on maintenance tasks for three equivalent programs with 0, 3, and 5 levels of inheritance. For the given tasks, which focus on understanding effort more than change effort, programs with less inheritance were faster to maintain. John Daly et al. previously reported on similar experiments on the same question with quite different results. ...

Since the 1980s, software maintenance started to attract attention. Some progress has been made in using formal methods on software maintenance, especially on reverse engineering. This paper attempts to summarise some major advances in this area over the last one and a half decades. Firstly, we introduce program transformation techniques for software development and review the techniques used f...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Because maintenance care (MC) is frequently used by chiropractors in the management of patients with back pain, it is necessary to define the rationale, frequency and indications for MC consultations, and the contents of such consultations. The objectives of the two studies described in this article are: i) to determine the typical spacing between visits for MC patients...

background: the aim of this study was assessment the risk management status of waste anesthetic gases in academicals hospitals in iran to prevent from harmful effects of these gases on employees' health. methods: a descriptive-analytic study was designed in 2011. standard structured checklist developed by ecri institute (emergency care research institute) was applied. checklists were filled ons...